Research Of The Ecological Environment Protection And The Sustainable Development On The North Slope Of Qinling Mountains In "One Line And Two Belts" Construction

The north slope of Qinling lies between the Qinling watershed and the south edge of Guanzhong plain, it has very important ecological function, this region is the Guanzhong area's most important ecological barrier and its main water source self-control area. Here the biology, the minerals, the tour resources are rich, which have provided the giant resources backing for the economic development of Shaanxi province. For many years, because people only pay more attention to development and little to protection, thus the vegetation degenerate, the river valley block, the environment pollute, soil erosion intensify, the ecology crisis rise from all directions, which affect directly the "one line and two belts" construction of Shaanxi province. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the present condition of its carrying capacity and sustainable development. Although predecessors have carried on some qualitative researches from sole factor in this region, there are few systematic quantitative researches about the ecological environment and the sustainable development Therefore, the systematic quantitative researches of these aspects have the extremely important theory and the practical significance. Through this research, the harmonious development way among the ecosystem's health and security, the resources' reasonable developmental use and the economic development on the north slope of Qinling Mountains may be seeked and grasped, thus the policy-making basis for the related government department can be provided.Under the support of Shaanxi province soft science research plan project(2003KR02)-Research of the ecological environment protection and thesustainable development strategy on the north slope of Qinling Mountains in "one Line and two belts" construction, through on-the-spot investigation of total 11 counties (area) from east(Tongguan) to west (Baoji), and taking Changan traveling country club and Qinghuashan quarry, Tongguan mining area as models, unifying the comprehensive general survey and the particular survey of the typical region, the influence to region's environment and the restriction to economical development are analyzed because of the resources' excessively mining. Based on the ecological carrying capacity theory,the sustainable development condition on the north slope of Qinling Mountains is quantitatively appraised, and the corresponding countermeasures for the questions which existed in the ecological environment protection and the sustainable development course are proposed for the north slope of Qinling Mountains.This research altogether is divided into seven major parts:The first part is introduction, the research question, research significance, research progresses, main research goal, content and technical route are subsequently introduced.The second part outlines the ecological carrying capacity theory. The ecological carrying capacity concept, the determination pattern, the graduation assessment method as well as the sustainable development appraisal target system and the appraisal pattern based on the ecological carrying capacity theory are introduced.The research region background is introduced in the third part. In this part, the natural environment condition, the social economy condition, the resourses condition, as well as the present resources' developmental situation and the environment questions which produced in the developmental course on the north slope of Qinling Mountains at present are outlined.In the fourth part, through stochastically gathering the water from various counties on the north slope of Qinling Mountains to carry on the diagnosis, the water's present environment quality situation in this region is appraised.In the fifth part, the sustainable development condition on the north slope of Qinling Mountains based on the ecological carrying capacity theory is quantitatively evaluated and appraised.The ecological environment protection and the sustainable development countermeasures on the north slope of Qinling Mountains are proposed in the sixth part.In the seventh part, the conclusions which this research obtain as well as the article's innovations are briefly summarized, at the same time some deficiencies of this article are also pointed out.This research mainly obtains four conclusions:(1) Analysing the relations between the carrying capacity and the sustainable development, the results show that sustainable development is goal, human is tache, carrying capacity is the cornerstone of the sustainable development;Through the comparison of different quantitative evaluation methods about the sustainable development based on different carrying capacity, it is found that the quantitativeevaluation method based on the ecological carrying capacity can more manifest the ecosystem's system effect.(2)Main rivers' water quality appraisal conclusions on the north slope of Qinling Mountains: (T) The rivers are mainly polluted by the organic pollution, the metal pollution are next, the metal pollution primarily includes the mercury and the lead pollution. The sourse of the organic pollution is very complex, the metal pollution is mainly caused by the mine and the industrial waste water. According to III ground water quality standard, in the reaches that are examined, there are 65.85% reaches that its CODcr exceed the allowed figure;In the metal pollution, the reaches' numbers that suffer the mercury and the lead pollution are the most. There are 6 reaches that its lead exceed the allowed figure, account for 14.63%, there are 5 reaches that its mercury exceed the allowed figure, account for 12.20%. (2) In 41 reaches that are examined, according to the synthesis pollution index's grading, there are altogether 56.10% reaches that have suffered pollution of different degree, among them, there are 7.32% reaches that have suffered serious pollution, there are 14.63% reaches that have suffered heavy pollution, there are 34.15% reaches that have suffered light pollution;there are altogether 43.90% reaches that its water quality are good, among them, there are 34.15% reaches that its water quality are somewhat clean, there are 9.76% rivers that its water quality are clean. (3) The water pollution has been serious on the north slope of Qinling Mountains, which makes the rivers' environmental carrying capacity drop, the environmental safety of water has already received the serious threat in some degree.(3)The ecological carrying capacity condition on the north slope of Qinling Mountains: Using Gao Ji-xi's ecological carrying capacity theory, the results are obtained through the computation and the analysis of 11 counties' statistical data since 1949: ? The ecosystem ecological elastic indices are all above 50, which are in the medium level, the ecosystem has the medium self-maintenance and the self-adjustment ability. (D The resources have higher carrying-capacity, the carrying indices of the water resources are almost between 50 and 70, the carrying indices of the land resources are all above 70. But, it still could not satisfy with the demands, the resources' ecological carrying-pressing indices are all nearly bigger than 1, which shows that the resources have already overloaded, especially the water resources, its ecological carrying-pressing index is very high, the water resources have become therestriction factor of the society progress and the economical development. (3) Environment carrying -capacity is also weak, the contamination question is quite serious and has the latent pollution hidden danger.(4)The sustainable development condition on the north slope of Qinling Mountains: The quantitative evaluation results of the sustainable development based on the ecological carrying capacity show: since 1949, although the economy (performance layer) has obtained very big development, but the carrying capacity of the resources and the ecological environment (support layer) has not obtained the corresponding development, even also is reducing unceasingly. The performance layer's development depends on the sacrifice of the support layer in the very great degree. Therefore, this kind of development at present is not sustainable, there still have the multitudinous latent disadvantage factors to hinder its sustainable development course.This article attempts to have the following innovations:(l)Closingly integrating the environment protection and the sustainable development strategy on the north slope of Qinling Moutains with the entire Guanzhong area's ecological safety and the "one line and two belts" construction, the long-term stability and the sustainable development from a big point of view of ecology-economical system in this area are studied.(2)The north slope of Qinling Mountains has important ecological function, this article quantitatively researches the present situation of the ecological carrying capacity, at the same time, this article takes the ecosystem as the research object, avoids the research flaw for single essential factor, manifests the system effect of the ecological carrying capacity.(3)Choosing 11 representative counties, this article unifies the three methods of the open country inspection (for half a year), the field investigation and the room tested analysis, the resources development, the ecological environmental present situation and the existing environmental questions are conducted on the north slope of Qinling Mountains, thus the massive first materials are also obtained.(4)Through stochastically gathering the water from main counties on the north slope of Qinling Mountains to carry on the diagnosis, thus the present situation of the water environment quality in this region is made an appraisal.(5)Based on the ecological carrying capacity, this article quantitatively studies and appraises the sustainable development condition on the north slope of QinlingMountains, which enables the appraisal results to comprehensively reflect the situation on the spot, the confidence level increases, and the study results can be used to instruct and serve the"one line and two belts" construction.