Study On Assessment Of The Ecological Security And The Models Of Ecological Development In The Resources-based Township

With the rapid development of economy and society in our nation, township areas are confronted with the press for high-speed economic growth. The contradictions among resources, environment and economic development are increasingly outstanding. Continuously enhanced intensity of resource development in resource-based township led to the decrease of resource abundance and reduced reserve, and followed with severe environmental pollution and ecological disturbance. This threatened the living environment and sustainable development for people. Study on the status and its sustainable-development pattern of ecological security for resource-based township has been much hot. Whereas, the research of ecological security and development pattern on resource-based township is seldom seen till now.Therefore; the paper studied on the ecological security of resource-based township, which is an urgent question and takes the town Da Ye as an example. We try to solve and answer the following issues: â‘ What is resource-based township? What ecological security questions in the resource-based township? â‘¡Which methods can apply to assess the ecological security of resource-based township? How to carry on it? â‘¢What is the ecological development? What are theoretic foundation and realistic criteria for it? â‘£What are the principle, framework and common mode for ecological development in resource-based township? What measures are needed to assure the implementation of ecological development?According to foregoing ideas, we discussed the theory, analyzed and summarized the experiences. Based on the theory of ecological footprint and landscape ecology, we designed the analysis modeling applid to assess of ecological security for resource-based township. Then depending on field survey in study area, multi-temporal TM, ETM and SPOT5, and historical and survey data, applying the GIS, SPSS, FRAGSTATS, EXCEL etc., we have come to the following conclusions:(1) The resource-based township could be defined as rich in mine and forest resources, and the resource economics has great influence on its society economics, that is the resource-dominant township. It can be classified to 4 types as initial-stage exploitation, mature exploitation, declined shunt and ecological restoration. The development and application of resources is the basement for poor disengaging and economic growth of township, also the origins for environment pollution, water shortage, landform change and ecological disaster. Many hidden troubles and exasperating trends of ecological security were analyzed.(2) The application of ecological footprint model on ecological security assessment in township is simple, intuitionist, scientific and easy to accept, but we need to consider the demands of ecological footprint for resource industry. We present the calculated method of ecological footprint for resource industry. The results show that the average ecological pressure of resource industry in Da Ye is 10.1times more than average ecological pressure of population, and total ecological pressure enhanced 5001%.(3) Landscape ecological analysis is the efficient method for assessment of ecological security in township. Based on the landscape pattern's dynamic analysis, we first pointed out that each landscape type has double disturbance and fragile attributes for regional ecosystem. The two constitutes the size of the landscape ecological risk, and the evolvement for regional ecological security is the result of the temporal-spatial changes for each landscape ecological risks. The study designed the calculated model for landscape ecological risks and analyzed the dynamic of landscape pattern in DaYe during 1988-2006, then calculated responding index changes for landscape ecological risks.(4) We put forward that the ecological development is the inherence demands and ultimate assurance, and expound the total framework for building resource-based township and ecological development according to ecological countermeasure, ecological industry and ecological society. Then suggested to classify 4 ecological function areas, build 3 mode for ecological development and 2 measure of safeguards.