| Photonic crystals were dielectric structures modulated periodically on the scale of optical wavelength. Under specific conditions, they can exhibit a forbidden band of frequencies , a photonic band gap (PBG). The existence of a PBG gives rise to a number of interesting and useful properties. So more and more focuses are on the photonic crystals' study. For the past decade, a lot of interest has been focused on the formation of 1D and 2D assemblies. A promising technique to fabricate 3D photonic crystals with a photonic band gap in the optical wavelengths is the self-assembling growth of spherical colloidal particles.For example, monodispersed PS or SiO2 particles could be assembly into photonic crystals. In this method, the preparation of micro-spheres with uniform size and high stability and synthesis of colloidal crystal templates are the most important technical problems.So under the basis of the conclusions drawn by predecessors, the preparation of polystyrene colloidal particles and using different method self-assembly with them.The research of polystyrene particles' interface electricity property and the method for self-assembly have been studied in this paper. In this paper, we did the following research work:Polystyrene colloidal particles were prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization, by changing the initiator, we can obtain anionic and cationic polystyrene colloidal particles. The effects of the reaction conditions such as monomer concentration, initiator concentration and ionic strength are discussed simply. The study on the interface electricity property of two different polystyrene colloidal particles, do research on the curves of ζ versus pH in different ionic strength. The two different PS colloidal crystals were synthesized with centrifugal sediment technique and using mica as floor technique. The quality of the colloidal crystals was tested by SEM and transmission spectrum and atom force microscope.
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