The Research On Vermicomposting Of Domestic Animal Manure

With the fast development of the poultry and livestock industry in china, the environmental pollution caused by a large amount of domestic animal's manure has become a problem to be solved urgently. Vermicomposting is the combination of the traditional compost and the biological treatment, with the metabolism of earthworm, the domestic animal's manure will be changed into earthworm excrement with the best physical characteristics and chemical biological.Because the initial condition of fresh cow manure does not suit earthworm's reproduction and the earthworm also can not endure the high temperature which produces in the composting of cattle manure. Therefore the most of former research concentrates in raising earthworm, by the well-rotted compost or half well-rotted compost domestic animal's manure. This article, through the earthworm's raising experiment and the pot experiment, we studied condition systematically on that the earthworm processing fresh cow manure and the well-rotted compost chicken manure, at the same time, we studied the technical parameter on the pH , the temperature, the humidity, the vaccination density and vaccinates , Effect Microorganism which appear in the vermicomposting ,and the earthworm excrement effectiveness and its influence to the vegetables quality and so on. We also carry on the preliminary analysis to the earthworm compost economical effect and the environment profit. We aim to find an easy economic security technical way of Composting domestic animal manure. The research indicated that,1. In the process of Eisenia foetida for vermicomposting of manure, temperature and moisture condition and inoculation density and alkalinity of diet are main factors affecting the growth and reproduction of earthworm and the effect of treatment. It is found that the optimal moisture condition for growth and reproduction of Eisenia foetida is 70% with cattle manure, 65% with chicken manure, and the optimal condition of pH is between 8~8.5, and the optimal condition of temperature is between 20~25℃, and that 8 earthworms per 250g manure(wet weight 70%) is the most favorable inoculation density. The growth and reproduction of earthworm can be obviously enhanced by inoculating Effect Microorganism.2. In the process of Eisenia foetida for vermicomposting of cattle manure, the vermicomposting can go smoothly by controlling physicochemical property of pile, the dayweight increase is 0.022 times, the total biomass of earthworm can reach the increment of 216%. Effect Microorganism improve the growth rate of earthworm effectively, the result shows that reproduction of earthworm with EM is superior to that of earthworm with acetic acid and the reproduction of earthworm with acetic acid is superior to that of controlled trial. At the same time of earthworm growing, the pH of cattle manure can be decreased from 9.3 to 8.4, earthworms can grow smoothly when fermentation temperature is below 30℃and the height of pile is lower than 28cm.3. The content of available N and available P and available K in the organic fertilizer can be changed induced by vermicomposting, but the regularity of variation are different. The total content of treated available N increases with the increase of composting period, the total content of treated available K decreases with the increase of composting period, the content of available P treated by EM and the controlled trial increase firstly and then decreases, however, the content of available P treated by acetic acid decreases. Based on the variation of available N,P,K in the organic fertilizer, we believe that the most optimal period of vermicomposting is about 40 days. The germination index of all treated seeds increases with the increase of composting period. The germination index of seeds achieves about 85% at 50th day. So, the optimal period of vermicomposting is 50 days.4. The every index about growth of brassica chinensis shows that the treated effect of vermicomposting is superior to that of fertilizer and is superior to that of controlled trial. The spread angle and stem diameter and plant height and green leaves of brassica chinensis are increased 49.23%,24.33%,36.46%,35.44% respectively, except the spread angle, plant height and green leaves and stem diameter of brassica chinensis treated by vermicomposting are significantly superior to that of fertilizer. The yield of brassica chinensis treated by vermicomposting are increased 54.1% than that of no fertilizer and are decreased 10.2% than that of fertilizer, but the content of VC and soluble sugar are significantly higher than that of fertilizer and no fertilizer. It is found that growth and quality of brassica chinensis treated by vermicomposting are superior to that of fertilizer, but the yield is lightly lower than that of fertilizer, the effect of vermicomposting can be enhanced by dosing amount of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer made by fertilizer.5. Comparing vermicomposting with controlled trial, the content of available N,P,K in soil are increased 15.68mg/kg,10.71mg/kg,24.30mg/kg respectively, compared with fertilizer, the content of available N,P,K in soil are decreased 4.68mg/kg,7.16mg/kg,0.7mg/kg respectively. We believe that the supply of vermicomposting can improve the structure of soil, and loose the soil, and increase porosity, and prevent soil compaction, and improve the soil nutrient holding capacity.In summary, it is found that the optimal moisture condition for growth and reproduction of earthworm is 70% with cattle manure, and that 8 earthworms per 250g manure is the most favorable inoculation density, and dosing EM is good for the growth and reproduction of earthworm, the composting pile will be mature in 50 days by dosing 10% acetic acid 200mL, and in the condition of that the height of pile is lower 30cm. The growth and quality can be improved by supply of vermicomposting, the effect of vermicomposting can be enhanced by dosing amount of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer made by fertilizer, and the supply of vermicomposting can improve the structure of soil, and loose the soil, and increase porosity, and prevent soil compaction, and improve the soil nutrient holding capacity.