| The ecosystem, the basis on which humanity survives, can not only provide productive and living raw materials, but also provides such services functions as climate regulation , water conservation, pollution degeneration, which are all the basic factors for the sustainable development of the social economy and the environment. However , during the process of using and transforming the ecosystem, humanity often only recognizes the direct use value of the natural resources, but neglects the indirect services values of the ecosystem, which has caused the destruction of the ecological environment. The reasonable appraisal of the ecosystem services can make humanity realize the values of the ecosystem services, make them effectively play the role of coordinating the relationship between humanity and the environment, and provide reference for the sustainable development and the ecological environment protection.Xiaoting district is located in the east of Yichang city, and it is in the north shore of the middle of the Yangtze River, which is the ecological function region. In recent years, under the instruction of the overall development mentality, which is "Industrialization advances urbanization, and urbanization supports industrialization", Xiaoting district proposes the development measure of "centralizing superiority resources, constructing the industrial chain and expanding the industrial group", the implementation of the. measure makes it become a new and important growth region of the industrial economy in the Yichang city. But, the "extensive-like" characteristic of the economic development causes the ecological environment of Xiaoting district to worsen, and the services functions of ecosystem are seriously challenged. So, it is obviously important to preliminarily estimate the ecosystem services values in Xiaoting district, which is on the basis of Costanza's estimation static model in the value of ecosystem services, beginning with the different ecosystem types, and using the corresponding econology methods.First, according to the fact of Xiaoting district, its ecosystem is classified into 5 types: woodland, farmland, water area, built-land and unused land. The ecosystem services values of woodland ,which covers 39% of the total area, farmland, which covers 29% of the total area, and water area, which covers 14% of the total area, are obvious in the positive values and influential, so this paper mainly estimates their positive values; but at the same time, because the negative values of built-land are apparent,this paper mainly estimates its negative values, which covers 15% of the total area; this paper doesn't estimate the values of unused land, because it only covers 3% of the total area, and its values are not apparent.Next, this paper estimates the ecosystem services values in Xiaoting district with the methods of direct market valuation, substitutive market valuation and hypothetical market valuation and with the value appraisal system of the ecosystem services. The result shows that the value of the ecosystem services in woodland, farmland, water area and built-land is respectively 22048×10~4yuan, 7219.5×10~4yuan, 5516.1×10~4yuan, and 916.9×10~4yuan, so the total value of the ecosystem services is 33866.7×10~4yuan.Finally,we may clearly see the economic values of the ecosystem services in Xiaoting district from the estimation, which urges us to reduce the consumption or reduce the social economy's negative influence on the ecosystem services in the social economy activities, maintain the relative equilibrium of the ecosystem services, and eventually promote the sustainable development of the society and economy in Xiaoting district. |
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