| On 13rd Nov 2005, in bi-benzene plant of Jilin petrochemical branch company of PetroChina, nitrobenzene rectifying tower T102 was exploded because of the operation fault, and initiated nearby installment and the storage tank to explode continuously. Eight people was died, one severe wounded,fifty-nine people was hurt.The direct economy loss was 690.828 million Yuan., The initial emergency procedures were not prompt and inappropriate after the accident occurred, and afterwards retransmits the great ground water pollution accident took place. Such pollution not only endangered the local people but also produced a certain international influence。Based on the analysis, the accident and the pollution event have both the superficial and the deep level reason.The direct reason of the explosion accident mainly follows as below:1. The basal management in the productive and technological aspect is weak. Manifesting in details as below: in the entire operation of pouring fluid of the whole workshop, only a class leader is operating, the direction of in the safety production is severely out of control condition, the organization in the production lacks collaboration mutually; In the work, the regularity was not followed, and the mistake was repeated continuously, These phenomena had reflected the operating regulations was lack of strict execution and bad manage; the management of the production and technics was in doubt. In the workshop there is no attention as well as the safety risk about technological process and the pouring operation prescription, as well as the suggestions of exceeding the safety temperature and the serious results and so on in pouring operation.2. The enterprise excessively recomposed and confirm, has not yet formed the systematic management mechanism of the safety production .The main aspect presents in the economical development process, in particular in the transferring process, between the department and the department, between the unit and the unit, the coordination was very bad, the unitive and comprehensive consideration was lack, so as to be absent of the systematic safety management.3. Neglect the management based on humanism, lacks the comprehensive safety controlling mechanism. Because the most important factors. People's factor has been neglected in the safety production, the question has not been considered under the viewpoint of comprehension and system, causes the management which seems strict not to have been effectively performed in the most dangerous time, which becomes a factor of attenuating the management level.4. Pursue the growth of economy, neglect the education of safety. Under the condition of market-directed economy, enterprise may sacrifice safety for the gain of short-term and the partial economic interest, causes the overall safety quality to drop quite obviously; The fact that the management of working scene was lax, regulations were violated, had reflected the safety education was badly carried out, in particular, the regular safety education is deficient, the foundamental work and construction of basic unit are weak and so on.5. Safety information in the producting process was sealed. In entire producting process, only a monitor was operating independently, promptly failed to feed back the unsafe information of people, goods as well as environment to the safety surveillance personnel and the corresponding decision-making unit in process of performing the safety instruction, These steps failed to form the closed-loop control, and lead to the deviation of the manage, were certainly unable to make the new decision promptly, set down the new guarding measurement in the unusual situation. Finally the accident occurred.6. The system of the environmental impact assessment may not play important role.According to "regulations of environmental protection of constructing programme " and so on related stipulation, the construction of bi-benzene plant must carry on the environmental effect appraisal, namely the possible influence on the surroundings to be analysed, forecasted and appraised, therefore, the prevention or the countermeasure was proposed to reduce the influence on the environment and the supervision was carries on the environmental protection does not only involve the process of the polluted material but also include the measurement in the event which occers., if this system can carry out effectively, many environmental pollution event is under control in the early stage. From the process after the accident, the system of the environmental impact assessment has no effect on the behavior of the factory.7. The mechanism of the safety appraisal is not perfect, and objective.But being lack of the standard and the technical support, there is very difficult to strictly execute the safety evaluation.Safety laws and regulations obviously lagged.Thus the result of the safety evaluation is not objective.The indirect reason of the explosion accident mainly follows as below:1. The information in the water pollution event flow is not unimpeded. The inaccuracy or obviation of the information form the government department or the concerned enterprise causes the absence of the information of the crisis identification, creates a barrier of the information to flow. Such obstacle not only lead to have missed the best opportunity of controlling the water pollution, but also brought people's life in the down- stream area and local authority's work in extreme trouble. And left a bad impression on the international society and people lived in the adjacent country for example Russia.2. The emergency system of water polluted accident is in question. Although an early warning system research of water pollution accident in our country has been made certain progress, but there are many problems concerning about machine-made of emergency, organization of emergency system, supervision of emergency, acquisition and publishment of information and so on.3. The emergency mechanism of paroxysmal water pollution accident was not perfect. The company and the bi-benzene plant have not to conduct the thorough research about the accident which possibly occurs can pollute the Songhua River, the related emergency predetermined plan has the significant flaw; The emergency headquarters of Jilin accident and all levels of environmental protection department underestimated the consequence of water pollution, had not promptly proposed the measure and the request of emergency against the accidence. Being lack of comprehensive and accurate reporting about how degree the water polluted under the related stipulation. Jilin petrochemical branch company of PetroChina failed to fulfil their duty in environmental protecting work and supervise and take the measure promptly. Thus the significant water pollution event occurred.Obtaining the following lesson through the event mainly:1. In the modern business management theory, people is the main body of production and management, the core of the productive forces and the productive relations is people, Establishment of comprehensive, the systematic, the persistent-effect safety management mechanism, will guarantee the producting management to carrying on orderly,and reduce occurrence of the the accident;2. Strengthen the safety education, especially paying attention to the regular safety education, which can cause the staff to enhance vigilance at times, everywhere and to pay attention the symptom of an accident; 3. The safety information management is one of important constituents of the safety management in the petrolic chemical enterprise, is an important basis about instructing safety production and making the safety decision. Execution of the safety information management within the enterprise well, assurance of the safety instruction, the safety dynamic information and the safety feedback information unimpeded have the extremely vital role on the safety controlling level, the prevention and the control of accident occurrence, The government should promptly, opened, disclose the crisis information, let the public know the event as soon as possible, do all effects, adopts all measure to solve the problem, make the accidence influenced as small as possible.4. Bring the safety evaluation and environmental impact assessment into play, establishing the perfect safety and environmental effect appraisal mechanism, guarantee the result of appraisal objective, the many safety accident and the environmental pollution event are under control in the early stage.5. Although we can not change the objective existence of the environment risk, but the pollution accident is mostly related with inappropriate management as well as deficient measurement of prevention. Improving early warning mechanisms of the accident, perfecting early warning and the emergent system of water pollution accident, will help the environmental risk down to the smallest degree of probability.On the basis of the profound lesson of the explosion and polluted event, in order to avoid the recurrence of similar accident, we suggest the following several plan as""Better Late Than Never";to be adopted.1. Strengthen the consciousness of safety. The regularization and reality of the safety education should be pay great attention; the short-term and formalization of one should be avoided; Strengthen safety education, and bulid the consciousness of safety Change"safety needs me"to"I need safety", I will be safe", increase the consciousness of regulations to ensure safety production.2. Comprehensively implement the responsibility of safety. To implement the responsible system at various levels to take risks is an effective way for the enterprise to relieve the risks. First, implement the responsibility of leadership. Next, implement the responsibility of the department for their professional guidance, technical management and technical supervision.Third, implement the post to be responsible, carry out the safety responsibility to each post and each link of the producting process. Regarding the petroleum chemical industry enterprise, establishment and improvement of the responsible system of safety production will be possible to greatly enhance control level of safety for the enterprise, effectively prevent, control, reduce casualty, and reduce the risk of safety .3. Advocate the management based on humanism. Human-oriented, is to grasp human's fundamental demands which are the safety and the health. The absence of the safety and the health is meanless to discuss the growth of GDP, the achievements, the income, the wealth and so on. Fulfill scientific development concept and constructing socialist harmonious society are to pay special attention to the safety production, Do well with environmental governance and meet human's healthy need.4. Enhance the supervision and management of the safety production. At present, the Country and Provinces and Cities have initially formed the system of the safety supervision and management which the synthetical supervision and management and the professional supervision and management interacted; The Country and Provinces and Cities have formulated issued an emergency preplan for the dealing with safety production. Enterprises in highly dangerous industries above-Scale firms have completed emergency preplans.The frame of emergency preplan for all levels of safety production is forming; Construction Projects .for the dangerous chemicals are carried out Safety Production Permission Systems, simultaneously introduce the mechanism which the experts are participated, to avoid the question of being congenitally deficient in the safety aspect; investigate and register accident potential in order to eliminate it; strengthen the source management of the sudden environmental pollution accident; strengthen the ability of Emergency Monitoring for the Emergency Pollution Accident, strengthen emergency reaction capacity, raise the emergency monitor technical level, establish the urgent recovery system and so on.5. Enhance the management of environmental safety and the accident. Improvement of the governmental management for the environmental sudden events is the important guarantee for constructing harmonious society. There should be: perfect the legal system of emergency for the national sudden environment events. Establish and improve the organization system of the government for the emergency management of the environmental sudden events; establish the checkless communication mechanism for the emergency management of the environmental sudden events. The Government must gradually improve the management system of emergency for the environmental sudden events, gradually form the emergency management system which takes the government as a center, and the society as an assistant, enable the entire society to do their best for the environmental crisis events, reduce the loss which the environmental sudden events left on the country and the society, make our effects on the construction of the harmonious society.6. Enhance control management and so on. The control is one of most important steps in the safety management, which is divided into three stages named the pre-control, the control and post-control. First complete the pre-controls, play important role of the safety evaluation and environmental impact assessment. Eliminate the potential accidents through the safety evaluation, promptly discovery and annihilate potential safety; complete the policy for the layout managing section through the work of environmental assessment, to avoid the new source of sudden environmental pollution accident. At the same time, persist on the idea of the green chemical industry in the environmental impact assessment, use the clean production methods, which can also may effectively reduce the pollution source. Prevent the accidents before they occur. Next, strengthen the process control, not only to control the production parameter strictly, but also to standard operation sequence. Moreover earnestly carry out the recognition of safety risk in every links of the production, eliminate every kind of flaws, diligently construct the essential safety engineering; speed up the process of eliminating the potential safety, guarantee there is no potential safety in the production; strengthen the transformation of safety technique, gradually eliminate the old and unsafe equipments. Improve the safeguard technology, guarantee the safety device complete and correct in use for example limit alarm, interlock protection, the misoperation prompt and the automatic reset and so on. Finally, establish and consummate the emergency plan of accident rescuing, to cease or reduce pollution event occurs.In brief, profoundly summarize the deeply grieved lesson of the exploded event of bi-benzene plant in Jilin petrochemical branch company, earnestly adopt each kind of essential, practical and feasible measurements, establish and improve the early warning mechanism of Safety and emergency plan of accident rescuing, quicken the work on the construction of emergency planning. Prevent the accident like bi-benzene plant and the national chemical industry enterprise occur again, the building safety in production new ball game, constructs diligently gathers the harmony society. Create a new situation in the safety production. Do our best to construct the harmonious society.
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