The Application Research Of Ecosystem Services Value Theory In Programming Environmental Impact Assessment

Programming has become an indispensable process for the development of city and region for the fast development of society. Programming environmental impact assessment (PEIA) is a preventing method developed for the probable environmental problems from the programming. The present situation of PEIA is analyzed first in this paper, combining with current national city PEIA, the present situation and developing tendency of of PEIA in respect of the ecology programming and evaluation is discussed, then some issues urgently to be figured out on the developing of ecology evaluation in PEIA is advanced. Then, on the issues of ecosystem services and its value evaluation which are being hot topics in the national and foreign ecology development, its progress, content, constitution are highly summarized, and the development tendency of ecosystem services is prospected. Moreover, from the starting point of the existing problem in PEIA and the development tendency of ecosystem services, the ecosystem services is introduced into the PEIA, and a value evaluation system of city ecosystem services suitable for PEIA is advanced. At last, citing Dalian Jingang, the value constitutations of Jingang ecosystem services before and after the programming are analyzed and compared, then some suggestions are brought forward.The researching results and conclusions are summarized as following:(1) The ecosystem services are systematically introduced into the ecology assessment part of PEIA for the first time as an evaluation indicator, for the purpose of solving the problem that the ecology assessment part of PEIA has been mainly localized on the qualitative evaluation, and providing with a pushing effect for that the ecology assessment part of PEIA develops for the quantitative evaluation direction.(2) A working system of using ecosystem services to do the assessment is set up about the ecology evaluation in PEIA, which includes the principle and theory of the evaluation, the general working procedure and content, and even the evaluation indicator system, which provides a new working method of instruction meaning for the ecology evaluation in PEIA from now on.(3) Based on the researchment of city ecosystem services, combining with the fact that PEIA is focused on assessing the ecology effect brought from land use, under some selection processes, the seven evaluation indicators of the ecosystem services evaluation in PEIA is abstracted: direct production provision, climate adjustment, carbon fixation and oxygen release, water and soil reservation, water source conservation, environmental cleaning, touristry.(4) Based on the researchment of the existing evaluation methods, a set of evaluation methods suitable for the ecosystem services evaluation in PEIA is proposed; under the principle of fully considering every ecosystem service, some new methods are tentatively used for the first time about some services with no recognized evaluation methods.(5) Combining with Jingang programming as example, the working procedure, indicator system and working method are applied on it, the conclusion are as following:â‘ The ecosystems of Jingang concludes forest, garden plot, infield, grassplot, water area, in which the forest provides the highest value; and the two services which provide the highest value among these seven services are carbon fixation and oxygen release and climate adjustment.â‘¡From the data of Jingang, it can be seen that the industrial structure and region distribution both will change, while no ecosystem will be born or disappear. Combining with the land use after the programming, the ecosystem services of Jingang at 2020 are evaluated, and the total value loss is about 4% of the initial one.â‘¢Through analyzing the outcome of the evaluation, the main reasons for the ecosystem services change after the programming are: carbon fixation and oxygen release of forest, climate adjustment of forest, direct production of water area, carbon fixation and oxygen release of garden plot, climate adjustment of garden plot.â‘£Combining with the analyzing results above, the compensation method of the ecosystem services loss is given, and the advantage of Jingang ecosystem services comparing to other city is proposed.