Tissues Sulfur Content And Sulfur Isotope Of Mosses For Showing Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition And Tracing Sulfur Source In Jiangxi Province

With the industry economic development, atmospheric sulfur deposition caused a series of ecological damage and economic losses which have caused people's attention. In order to explore the reliability of moss used as biological indicator to monitor atmospheric sulfur pollution,the spatial distribution of atmospheric sulfur deposition of Jiangxi Province and trace atmospheric sulfur source. This paper packed 112 moss (H.microphyllum (Hedw.)) in 19 sampling sites of Jiangxi Province and determine tissue sulfur content and sulfur isotope values of moss.This paper used spatial analysis to analysis tissue sulfur content and sulfur isotope of moss in Jiangxi province and the relationship of tissues sulfur content of lichen and the amount of atmospheric sulfur deposition, tissue sulfur content of moss and concentrations of SO2 and atmospheric,tissue sulfur content and tissue nitrogen content, sulfur isotope values of rain and the moss tissue sulfur isotope and tissue sulfur isotope (δ34S) of moss and coal sulfur isotope(δ34S).Combined with the correlation significant difference analysis, cluster analysis,and other mathematical statistics,investigate spatial distribution of sulfur content of mosses and sulfur isotope in Jiangxi province,significant difference sulfur content and sulfur isotope of the mountain and urban lichen tissue and atmospheric sulfur source of Nanchang and Jiangxi Province. The results show:(1) Where atmospheric sulfur concentration is high, tissue sulfur content of moss is also high, indicating bryophyte plants can be used as bio-indicator to monitor atmospheric sulfur pollution. Tissue the sulfur content of moss in Jiangxi province increased from southwest to the northeast, reflecting the spatial distribution of atmospheric sulfur wet deposition in Jiangxi Province. Trough t-test, significant difference (P<0.001) between urban and suburban tissue sulfur content of moss in Guixi and Nanchang cities were found Tissue sulfur content of the urban moss moss tissue was significantly higher than that of suburban, indicated that the atmospheric sulfur source of this two cities were caused by point sources.(2) Tissue S/N ratio of moss varied from 0.074 to 0.524 in Jiangxi Province fall into the range of tissue S/N of moss in China's southern cities,which is 0.11 0.19.However, S/N of moss around Guixi Smelter was 0.316±0.181 (0.195-0.524) which is much significant higher than S/N of moss in China's southern cities. Sampling points of Jiangxi Province is divided into two groups by Linear S/N=0.15. In Jiangxi Province, only the S/N of moss tissue in Guixi City> 0.15 (groupⅠ), show that the moss tissue absorbs relatively large amount of atmospheric sulfur (excess of sulfur). The other group moss tissue S/N<0.15 (groupⅡ), indicating other samples are the lack of sulfur or nitrogen excess.SO42-/NH4+ of Nanchang in rain vary from 1.15 to 1.37, exactly S/N of moss tissues in Nanchang city in the range of 0.08 and 0.15,which is 14 times lower than the ratio of SO42-/NH4+ in rainfall,showing that the ratio of SO42-/NH4+ in rainfall determines S/N ratio of tissues of mosses.(3) With limited water sulfur isotope data,we can found tissues sulfur isotope of moss in Qianhu Lake is 0.55‰-0.5'6‰(average 0.55±0.01‰) and sulfate sulfur isotope of rainfall is-3.55-3.91‰(average-0.33±1.78‰) which is close in Nanchang, indicating the value of lichen tissue sulfur isotopes can indicate the sulfur source of its long-term absorption. ANOVA analysis showed that urban and suburban Nanchang subject to the same source of sulfur, while the Meling and power plant were effected by different atmospheric sulfur sources combined, and found that Sulphid from the coal-fired power plant in Nanchang not only can affect atmospheric sulfur deposition in urban but also can affect the suburbs and even in the scenic area.(4) The average sulfur isotope moss is+4.71±3.25‰(-3.58-10.40‰) Jiangxi Province. Among them, tissues sulfur isotope of moss in Shangrao is the highest(9.60±0.50‰), the lowest is tissue sulfur isotope of moss in Fengcheng (-3.31±0.43‰). Mountain tissue sulfur isotope of moss (6.23±2.14‰) is higher than urban tissue sulfur isotope (0.86±2.41‰), and significant difference exist(p <0.001) indicating the mountains area and cities are affected by different sources of sulfur.(5) This study used cluster analysis to analysis 112 samples of Jiangxi province.δ34S value of the moss tissues. Analysis showed that each group has a specific lichen tissue sulfur content and sulfur isotope values, indicating each subject to different sources of atmospheric sulfur impact. At the same time through the cluster analysis We can also found that industrial production in Jiangxi Province in different cities use different sources of coal.(6) Tissue sulfur isotope and sulfur content (1/S) of moss showed a linear correlation y= 0.76+1.21 x (R2= 0.16, p<0.001) in Jiangxi province. According to two-sulfur source model and the result of the clustering analysis and spatial distribution ofδ34S values of moss in Jiangxi Province may be affected by a combined atmospheric sulfur source in Jiangxi Province, which is locals sulfur sources (mainly caused by coal burning) and exogenous sulfur source.