The Industrialized Processing Research For The Extraction Of Auricularia Auricula Polysaccharide

Auricularia auricula is one of the important large edible fungi in China. It has variety of biological functions. The Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AAP), is the major role of the fruit bodies of Auricularia auricular, which can functions of anti-tumor, anti-diabetes, enhance immunity, anti-oxidation ect.This paper designed the extraction of polysaccharide process applying microwave and ultrasonic wave in order to improve the efficiency of the extraction, purified the polysaccharide and detected its free radical scavenging activity. The industrialiazation of AAP continuous extraction pocess was also designed. The mainly results are as follows:1. The pocess of extraction of AAP: cleaning of black fungus→drying→smash→the deployment of solid-liquid ratio and mix→water bath invasion→microwave→deployment of solid-liquid ratio and mix→ultrasonic→centrifuge.2. The pre-processing of AAP extraction has great impact on the field of the extraction. The black fungus should be mashed before extraction. We found that the crushed particles which can go through 100 mesh screen can be extracted more fully and completely. If the particles of black fungus were appropriately infiltrated by water before extraction in microwave, the field of extraction would be improve. The parameters of infiltration were determined by optimization experiments. The best results were:the infiltration temperature 60℃, the infiltration time 25min, and olid-liquid ratio 1:25.3. There are two type of ultrasonic extraction equipment, the internal ultrasonic equipment and the external ultrasonic equipment. The energy of internal ultrasonic equipment is concentration and the catitation effect is easy to appear, so it can strongly destruct tissue cells. The external ultrasonic energy is lack of concentration and has a poor effect. So the extraction equipment should choose the internal ultrasonic equipment.4. Ultrasound has the ability of breaking the role of tissue. Observing cells of black fungus before and after ultrasonic treatment, we found that the Auricularia auricula particle size was significantly reduced.5. Design experiments under the extraction process, the optimum extraction parameters were determined: microwave power 750W, microwave time 40s, solid-liquid ratio of ultrasound 1:45, ultrasonic time 5min, ultrasonic power 800W. The optimal extraction rate of polysaccharides can reach 31.92%, which 3.12 times that of traditional methods.6. In order to separate the protein from the polysaccharide solution, we choose the sevage solvent to precipitate protein by comparing the effect of eliminating protein of sevage and trichloroacetic acid. Polysaccharide solution and sevage solution can be mixed at the ratio of 4:1, then shocking the solution by 15min. Most of the protein can be removed after repeating this method three times.To further purify polysaccharide solution, the macroporous resin AB-8 was used to remove small molecules in polysaccharide solution. The purified polysaccharide solution was determined by the UV spectrum scanner, the result showed that the purity was good.7. Purified polysaccharide was classified by gel column chromatography, the peak part of the collection are Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPI). The UV spectra, gel chromatography, iodine reaction, ferric chloride reaction, Coomassie brilliant blue reaction, can explain the black fungus polysaccharide AAPI was puritied well.8. AAPI has ability of scavenging of alkyl free radicals and hydroxyl radicals. This ability was positively correlated with the concentration of polysaccharides. By using the rotational viscometer the characteristics viscosity of AAPI was measured 0.625cm³/mg^-1, by Mark-Houwink equation the molecular weight of AAPI was estimated at 5.12×10⁵.9. The industrial production program of AAP continuous extraction was also designed according to the extraction process and the optimized parameters. This device can improve the field of AAP to 15.32%, higher than the traditional methods of 10.22%, with 57.16% energy savings. Since the device has many places to be further improved, optimal design may get better result.