A Study On The Method Of Spilling Blood Lysis In Ming And Qing Dynasties

The bloodletting therapy is also known as blood-pricking therapy and as (LUO) pricking in the ancient times. It is a kind of healing method which requires pricking blood vessels or veins with special tools such as three edged needle or other medical tools, to let out certain amount of blood. Bloodletting therapy has a long and diverse history. It is believed to be started in the new Stone Age. The first records of bloodletting therapy lies in the book of Ma Wang Dui 《Fifty Two Diseases》, which was written somewhere between 2070-1600 BC. Throughout the past Chinese Dynasties the bloodletting therapy was rapidly developing, but it was during Ming and Qing Dynasties when it came to its peak.Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) Dynasties were the two last Emperor Dynasties in China, and was an important period for the development of Chinese acupuncture. Acupuncture physicians of this era had a tremendous impact on the future research and development of bloodletting therapy. Notable acupuncturists of Ming and Qing Dynasties provided a great number of acupuncture literature such as 《ZHEN JIU DA CHENG》,《ZHEN JIU JU YING》，《YI XUE RU MEN》,《SHA ZHANG YU HEN》,《ZHEN JIU FENG YUAN》 etc, so by studying and researching those books and medical records we can understand the unique features of bloodletting therapy in Ming and Qing Dynasties.After searching through articles, it can be concluded that the literary research of bloodletting therapy is limited and with the lack of comprehensive and in depth research on the bloodletting analysis of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Presently, there are only few scattered research articles. Therefore, it is very necessary to further research and analyze the blood-pricking therapy of this certain period. This will not only provide a greater understanding of the blood-pricking theory, but will also help to guide clinical practice. This research is divided into 2 main parts.In the first part will be discussed literature review, in which will be analyzed the medical literature of Ming and Qing Dynasties, of what impact they had on bloodletting therapy.1) The medical records from this specific era hold vast number of acupuncture medical cases, and provide a great deal of understanding the basic principals of bloodletting therapy, which was more focused and accurate in Ming and Qing Dynasties.2) Brief introduction of the instruments that were used for bloodletting therapy. Over the past Dynasties the bloodletting instruments evolved from basic stone made tools into more sophisticated and professional medical instruments.3) Introduction of specific body parts or acupuncture points that were used in bloodletting therapy.4) Analyze of the amount of blood spilled during the therapy. The amount of blood let out from certain points or body parts can play crucial role in bloodletting therapy therefore it is need to be studied and understood.5) Research of acupuncture medical cases. Acupuncture medical cases and record hold a great value for future understanding of this unique method of healing. There are a vast number of medical cases from these two Dynasties, and by researching those cases can help us to better understand the methods of bloodletting therapy.6) Over the period of last 40 years there were not that many studies devoted to the bloodletting therapy of Ming and Qing Dynasties, but some of them can help be helpful for the future research.Second part of this study is devoted to the development and clinical use of bloodletting instruments. It is very important to understand how a simple stone made tool has gradually became the three edged needle, which is the main instrument for bloodletting therapy. In this part will be analyzed 4 main instruments used for bloodletting therapy. Ming and Qing acupuncture physicians had a great impact on the future development of medical instrument used in this era, among those are three edged needle or Feng needle, Pi needle, fire needle and of course the stone (砭石) needle.Third part will focus on the Ming and Qing Dynasty acupuncturist’s clinical use of bloodletting therapy. A full analyze of the most notable physicians of that time.1) Brief introduction of the physician.2) Instruments and tools used for bloodletting therapy.3) Body parts and acupuncture points used in treatment.4) Diseases and symptoms treated by bloodletting therapy.5) Amount of blood spilled during the treatment.The forth part will discuss the unique features and characteristic of bloodletting therapy in Ming and Qing Dynasties.In conclusion, Ming and Qing Dynasties were the two last Emperor Dynasties in China. The medical literature of this period preserved a vast number of valuable information for bloodletting therapy. The eminent physicians of those two dynasties had an enormous contribution for this unique method of healing. Through reading and analyzing Ming and Qing Dynasty’s most notable medical literature like《针灸大成》,《针灸聚英》,《针灸素难 要旨》,《普济方·针灸》,《医学入门》,《外科理例》,《针灸问对》,《奇效良方》,《类经图翼》,《济阴纲目》,《针灸逢源》,《痧胀玉衡》,《串雅内外编》,《针灸易学》,《理瀹骈文》,《验方新编》etc, we detected all the materials from each book, that has any connection with bloodletting therapy. By gathering all this information together and through analysis can we understand the features of bloodletting therapy in Ming and Qing Dynasties.