Studies On The Relationship Identification And Genetic Diversity Of Punica Granatum L. Resources In Shandong Using AFLP Makers

Punica granatum L., alternate name'An Shiliu','Ruo Liu','Tian Jiang'which belongs to Punicaceae, Punica L., occurred originally Central Asia. It is a deciduous fruit tree in temperate zone. Punica granatum L.of all over the world belongs to this species. Owing to the differences and selectivities to the adaptability of different ecological environments and domesticating cultivation and artificial selection, cultivation groups of different geological environments were coming into being. The genetic diversities of pomegranate cultivars in Shandong were analyzed using molecular systematical theories and methods by AFLP. This paper provided the basis for the selection and breeding of Shandong pomegranate cultivars.The main results were as follows:1. The morphological characteristics of pomegranate was analyzed from 25 cultivars including'Damayatian','Qingpiruanzi','Sanbaitian','Dahongpisuan','Chongbanmanao','Mudanshiliu','Baipisuan','Bingtandong','Chongbanbaishiliu','Xiaohongpitian','Qingpixiehuatian','Qingpigangliu','Moshiliu','Yuejishiliu','Hongpimayatian','Zaozhuangduanzhihong','Juzimi','Luyusuan','Xiaoqingpitian','Daqingpitian','Dahongpitian','Daqingpisuan','Taishansanbaishiliu','Taishanhong','Dahongpao'. The results showed that the differences between peel colour and petal colour were great and there were no significant correlations. The main flavour of fruits was sweetness. The simple flower hold the most portion of the flowers and then double-petalled blossoms.2. The AFLP maker technique was carried out with eight pairs primers from 64 pairs. The total 1728 bands were amplified in 25 pomegranate and the polymorphic loci were 722 which had a proportion of 41.78%. The number and the percentage of polymorphic loci amplified by differert primers combination were obviously differernt. The polymorphic loci amplified by 8 pairs primers ranged from 70(E-AAG/M- CAT)to 126(E-AAG/M- CTA), and the main polymorphic loci were 90.25. The percentage of polymorphic loci amplified by E-AAG/M- CTA combination were the highest (P=58.33%) while E-AAG/M- CAT the lowest (P=32.41%). The main percentage of polymorphic loci was 41.789%. The results indicated that distributions of the restriction sites at the DNA level of these cultivars had wide variations.3. The Na, Ne, H and I of observed locis were statistical analyzed using POPGENE version 1.32 software. The highest number of observed alleles were 1.5833(E-AAG/ M-CTA)and the lowest were 1.3241(E-AAG/ M-CAT). The average number of alleles were 1.4178. The highest effective number of alleles were 1.2618(E-AAG/ M-CTA)and the lowest were 1.1610(E-AAG/ M-CAA). The average effective number of alleles were 1.1874. The gene diversities of all allels were 0.0727(E-AAG/ M-CAT)-0.1603(E-AAG/ M-CTA)while the main was 0.1133. The I was 0.1166(E-AAG/ M-CAT)-0.2486(E-AAG/ M-CTA)while the main was 0.1752. Variance analysis showed that H and I had differences at the most locis while significant differences at few locis. The results showed that pomegranate of Shandong had rich genetic diversities.4. The cluster analysis of the Lei & Li was carried out by UPGMA. 25 cultivars were divided into four groups at 0.786 level of similarity coefficient. The genetic diversities of Shandong pomegranate were further proved by AFLP.The genetic relationships of pomegranate in Shandong were discussed according to the AFLP results. The prospects of selection and breeding of Punica granatum L. cultivars were also put forward in this paper.