| Objective:Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a kind of allergic disease, which is mainly characterized by hyperactivity of nasal mucosa. In allergic disease, specific leukocyte subgroup are accumulated in inflammation site and have a effect on pathophysiology. The recirculation of leukocyte from peripheral blood to tissue requires a number of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) which interacts between the surface of endothelial and leukocyte. It is very important to investigate the expression of cell adhesion molecule in the pathogenesis and regulation in allergic. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) ,which is controlled by gene and influenced by multiple factors, can be expressed by many sorts of cell and catalyze the outcome of NO. NO is a small molecule and widely participates in the pathophysiological regulaton of the circulation ,respiration, digestion and nervous system. It also plays important role in the inflammation and immunoreaction. There are some studies about the role of cell adhesion molecule and NOS in the pathological mechanism of allergic rhinitis, but the results are inconsistent up to now. Most of the studies lack the comparison research in different kinds of adhesion molecule or three kinds of NOS at the same time. In this study ,three kinds of CAMs, which are intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) , vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and lymphocyte function antigen-1(LFA-1) , as well as three kinds of NOS, which are neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS); inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), are observed to explore their role in allergic rhinitis. Methods:The above three kinds of CAMs and three kinds of NOS were detected by strept avidin-biotincomplex(SABC) immunohistochemistry method in 40 cases of inferior nasal concha of allergicrhinitis. Patients.Results:There are only small number of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and LFA-1 positive cells in the normalconcha mucosa epithelial but more positive cells in allergic rhinitis. ICAM-1 was mainlyexpressed in endothelial, glandular cell, submucous lymphocyte and eosinophil in the conchamucosa of allergic rhinitis patients; LFA-1 was mainly expressed in submucous lymphocyte andeosinophil; VCAM-1 was mainly expressed in endothelial and epithelial in lamina propria . In theallergic rhinitis patientsthe number of positive cell of ICAM-1,LFA-1,VCAM-1 in the concha mucosa was 14.4 ± 2.2,17.2± 3.3,11.5 ± 2.7[per scope (X400) x ±s] respectively; in the control group the number of positive cell of ICAM-1,LFA-1,VCAM-1 in the concha mucosa was8.7± 1.8,10.3 ± 2.1,6.9 ±1.8 respectively. The statistic differences were significant (t=11.57,10.02,8.07 respectively; p<0.01).A certain number of nNOS positive cells were found in the concha mucosa in allergic rhinitis patients, it was mainly expressed in mucosa epithelial and submucos glandular ; a large number of iNOS positive cells were found in the concha mucosa in allergic rhinitis patients, iNOS was mainly expressed in mucosa epithelial ,submucos glandular, endothelial and submucos inflammatory cell; the number of eNOS positive cell was few. In the normal control, few positive cells of nNOS, iNOS or eNOS could be found. Between the allergic rhinitis patients and the normal control ,the number of nNOS positive cell was 9.4±1.7,4.7 ±1.3[per scope (×400)] respectively, t=12.62(p<0.01);the number of iNOS positive cell was 27.5 ± 3.2,4.3 ± 1.7 respectively ,t=36.03(p<0.01);the number of eNOS positive cell was 6.5 ± 2.1,6.2 ± 1.9 respectively ,t=0.62 (p>0.05). Conclusion:The number of ICAM-1,LFA-1,VCAM-1 positive cell in inferior concha mucosa in allergic rhinitis patients was significant higher than in normal control.; adhesion molecules were mainly expressed in mucosa epithelial ,glandular, endothelial and submucous inflammatory cell. These adhesion molecules might be involved in edema, exudation and infiltration of inflammatory cells of nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis patients. The number of nNOS ,iNOS positive cell in inferiorconcha mucosa in allergic rhinitis pati...
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