Correlated Expression Of Heme Oxygenase-1 And Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase In Colonic Tissue

Functional and morphological evidence suggests that Nitric oxide(NO) is a ubiquitous molecule involved in a variety of biological processes in the gastrointestinal tract, including gastric mucosal protection, regulation of blood flow, stimulation of mucus secretion and regulation of motility, The formation of Endogenous NO from L-arginine in mammalian cells is catalyzed by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase(NOS)depends on NADPH. NOS has three types: neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway has been proposed to function as a widespread transduction mechanism for the regulation of cell function and communication.Another gaseous molecule, carbon monoxide(CO) recently emerged and shares some of the chemical and biological properties of nitric oxide, CO can pass kinds of plasmalemma freely. It can play an biology effect in many process by activing the sGC-cGMP way.Endogenous CO in mammal is derived from protoheme under the catalysis of heme oxygenase (HO) in the presence of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and NADPH. There are three isoforms of HO: HO-1 is highly inducible, whereas HO-2 and HO-3 are constitutively expressed. the HO-1 isoform, also termed HSP32, is ubiquitously distributed in mammalian tissues and is very sensitive and strongly and rapidly induced by a variety of stimuli and agents that cause oxidative stress and pathological conditions.Enteric nervous system (ENS) is relative independent neural network formed by myenteric nerve plexus and submucous nerve plexus in gastrointestinal tract. And it form Local reflex circuit combine excitability, inhibitory neuron and interneuron. It dominate the whole the digestive trac, regulate the function of gastrointestinal tract. Although ENS suffer control from central mervous system, It could be independent in the convection of information and process in coordination of gut, also named brain-in-the-gutIrritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders characterized by chronic or recurrent abdominal pain and disturbed bowel habits in the absence of structural or biochemical abnormalities. Ulcerative colitis(UC) is an inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa characterized by relapses and remissions as morphological features of UC including a continuous distally pronounced inflammation of the colon which is restricted to the mucosa and submucosa with crypt abscesses. Although much progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of these conditions, the precise etiological factor and pathogenesis still remains unknown.People have realized the importance of ENS since 19^th. Neurotransmitter in gut inter-adjust with gastrointestinal hormone and cytokine in normal, which is a dynamic equilibration. Recent studies found that gastrointestinal disease has relation with the Functional disorder of ENS, which leads to disturbance of colon motor function. The dysfunction of ENS and neighboring structure is the major pathophysiology background of disease of digestive tract. gastrointestinal disease is associated with mucosal vasodilation, increased intestinal permeability and abnormal colonic motility.In the process of occurrence and progress of disease, messenger molecul may influence poly-Signal transduction path, Which leads disequilibrium of complex network regulation. Besides regulation of local blood flow, vasomotor tone, CO and NO also participates in convection of Information. Therefore, we might speculate that there is also a non-neuronal role for CO and NO produced by HO and NOS, in the regulation of gut motility. we hypothesize that CO and NO involved in convection of Information of ENS, may play a synergic and complementary role in cellular signal transmission.Earlier studies suggested that gastrointestinal disorder is associated with increased NO produced by iNOS; however, the cellular source of the NO synthesis was not identified and the role of iNOS has not reach the same result. Recent studies demonstrated that the expression of H...