Epidemiological Analysis Of Road Traffic Accidents During 2000～2003 In The City Of Shenyang

Objective With the rapid development of road transportation, traffic management is facing more and more serious problems. The Automobile, as the marker of human beings'civilization, has completely changed the historic progress of human beings'development, which bring positive effects (e.g. comfort and ease) as well as negative effects (e.g. traffic accidents). Just because of the bad results caused by traffic accidents, all countries in the world, especially developed countries, spend great amount of labor, materials and money preventing and dealing with traffic accidents. They also establish more perfect laws, rules and policies about traffic accidents. Many countries began to put comprehensive measures into use for coping with and reducing traffic accidents since 1960s. Although traffic accidents result in large losses annually, the rising trend of traffic accidents has been slowed down. Traffic accidents in the developed countries, especially countries in Europe, USA and Japan, have been occurring evenly in recent years. But the situation in our country is still so flinty that the occurrence rate is sharply rising and the morality is in the first place of the world. Under the condition of increasing more and more automobile, the occurrence rate of traffic accidents and the injured people in it have been rising. Recently, the situation even gets much worse in Shenyang. The paper investigates and studies traffic accidents from 2000 to 2003 in Shenyang in order to protect traffic order, control and change the bad trend, guard for citizens, corporations and other organizations and improve traffic efficiency. The paper analyzes the harm of traffic accidents in Shenyang and discusses the situation, characters, rules and reasons of them. All of these will build the foundation for preventing and controlling traffic accidents.Materials and Methods The data of road traffic accidents from 2000 to 2003 in Shenyang were gained from the traffic police detachment. As people, automobile, roads, surroundings and management are concerned, the paper applies descriptively epidemiological methods to analyzing the data Through SPSS.13.0 and the information system of road traffic accidents, calculate and compare the occurrence rate, mortality and losses under different conditions such as different space, time, road state and environment mainly in terms of the index of constitution rate. As a result, find out the epidemiological characteristics of road traffic accidents in Shenyang. Results (1)There were 20,478 cases of road traffic accidents occurred in Shenyang from 2000 to 2003. The occurrence rate declined year by year. (2)The accidents happened mainly in the downtown. The most losses came from speedways. There were more accidents in August, September and November of every year. The same thing appeared in Friday of every week as during 9:00～12:00, 14:00～17:00 and 19:00～21:00o'clock in a day. (3) There were more men than women in the accidents. 39.39% of the drivers who blamed to the accidents had driven for less than 5 years. The most vulnerable were pedestrians, non-drivers whose age ranged from 30 to 45. The hurt usually lay in the head, leg, many parts of the body. (4) Drivers took the responsibility of 95% accidents resulting from their carelessness, breaking rules and wrongly dealing. (5) More traffic accidents occurred on main streets, 1st roads and 2nd roads, which account for 21.93%, 21.63% and 13.06% individually. There were seldom accidents on speedways which caused large losses accounting for 16.42%.The highest occurrence rate was 54.25% on the mixed transect roads. The fewest accident occurred on the roads with signal lights or policemen and signal lights., which proportion was 0.41% and 0.82%. (6)More traffic accidents occurred on fine days, accounting for 87.68%.Conclusions According to the study, we have found out the characters of road traffic accidents from 2000 to 2003 in Shenyang.1. The occurrence rate had declined. The analysis showed that the sum of accidents had been decreasing from 2001. With the reduction, the indexes of traffic accidents such as morality, the injured and loses are decreasing too.2. The serious situation still exists on the main roads of the downtown, suburbs and counties. Traffic on main roads in the downtown is most intensive. The roads of suburbs and counties are other sources of traffic accidents besides main roads. There were more losses on roads of suburbs and counties than on main roads.3. High percentages of men who blamed to the road traffic accidents were the drivers. Drivers took the responsibility of 95.25% accidents. Breaking rules is the main reason. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education about safe rules.4. The main reasons for road traffic accidents in Shenyang were imperfect roads, the mixture of men and vehicles and the blend of fast-lines and slow-lines. As the majority of roads are main roads in Shenyang, automobiles can hardly pass in the crowded street and disperse on the second roads, which affect traffic speed and lead to accidents. The separation rule is the basic rule of guard traffic order and guarantee safety. Given the fact of large quantities of none-mobile and mixed traffic, the measures of separation and limiting speed are adopted to strengthen the traffic management and control, which will decrease the occurrence rate of road traffic accidents.In general, with the increasingly jam traffic, the morality , the number of the injured and the occurrence rate of serious traffic accidents are increasing year by year. So it is vital to strengthen the propaganda and executive of road traffic rules, make people aware of the importance of traffic safety, regulate drivers'behavior, improve drivers'qualities and skills. The number of automobile should be in accordance with the traffic equipments. At the same time when spacial traffic is put into use, reducing the mixture should alleviate the contradiction between men, automobile and roads. Meanwhile, the overall administration should be strengthened, especially at night. Moreover, the balance between men, vehicles and roads is ought to be adjusted and the managements of drivers, main roads , rush hours and locations at which accidents usually happen should also be strengthened. Therefore, the useful solutions of controlling road traffic accidents are to strengthen the propaganda and education of traffic safety.