| IntroductionParaquat(PQ) is the worldwide used herbicide in recently 30 years and its poisoning report is on rising trend every year. Acute paraquat poisoning(PQP) induces lung, heart,liver and kidney damage.Currently its pathogenesis has not been completely clarified yet and there is no specific antidote, with high mortality. How to take effective remedy, protecting multiple organ function after poisoning is still one of the most important subjects in emergency and first aid fields. Xuebijing injection is a reagent extracting from a variety of traditional chinese medicine. It has been confirmed that Xuebijing injection can anti- endotoxin and downregulate inflammatory mediators and improve minicirculation.The therapy to paraquat poisoning is still in the exploration.Objective Through detecting the level of MDA and SOD in plasma , observing the biochemical indexes of multiple organs injury and Lung tissue pathology, comparing the differences of control, exposed and treated group, explore the protection of Xuebijing injectiom to multiple organs and its mechanisms. Methods The experiment established poisoning rats model by gavaging 20% paraquat 50 mg/kg. Control group gavaged the same dose saline. Exposed group gave saline 4ml/kg by intraperitoneal injection after exposure. Treated group gave Xuebijing injection 4ml/kg by intraperitoneal injection after exposure, Once a day,and continuous administration on the 7th. Collect three group animals'plasma, serum and organ specimens,detect the levels of MDA, SOD CK-MB, ALT, TBIL, CRE and AMS, observe the pathological changes, to evaluat the therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection for paraquat poisoning. Results The plasma concentration of MDA was significantly higher in the exposed group than in the control group,and SOD activity in the exposed group was significantly lower than in control group. Biochemical indicators ,such as myocardial enzymes, liver function, renal and pancreatic function ,had also changed significantly.Lung histopathology showed injury changes. Indicators (SOD, MDA, biochemical indicators) in the treated group were better than in the exposed group, less pathological changes.DiscussionParaquat can accumulated in all organs and organizations result in corresponding damage, even causing multiple organ failure.1. Lung damage is the most common lesion. The present study found: model rats has varying degrees shortness of breath, tail cyanotic. Lung tissue under the light microscope showed that chronic inflammation, fibrous tissue hyperplasia in local area, thickening interstitial . The mechanism is related with alveolar cell uptaking PQ initiatively, unbalance of matrix metalloproteinase and its inhibitor, and pulmonary oxygen rich;2. PQP can make severe toxic myocardial damage. The present study found: Compared with the control group, levels of serum CK-MB in two groups increased at the 1st day, and the exposed group had not yet returned to normal at the 3rd day (P <0.05), droped at the 7th day (P> 0.05), but mildly increased again at the 14th day (P <0.05). The mechanism is related with injury of oxygen free radical, calcium overload, advanced body hypoxia.3. This study found hat: rats exposed to PQ showed mouth mucous membrane irritation week, rupture, bowing response, which indicated PQ could directly stimulate and corrode the skin and mucosal, and which leading to fierce abdominal pain. Liver enzymology showed that the serum ALT in two groups after the exposure of PQ increased at the 1st day, and the exposed group had not yet return to normal at the 14th day, and the level of TBIL in the exposed group also have higher performance at the 7th day. The mechanism mey be related to liver metabolism ,the poor consumption, and low immunity;4. Paraquat were mainly filtrated by glomerular, and excreted by the prototype tubular initiatively. This study found that: the serum levels of CRE in two groups had increased at the 1st day, and exposed group was significant compared with the control group (P <0.05), reached its peak at the 3rd (P <0.01), and still in relatively high level at the7th day, did not droping to normal (P <0.05). The reasons caused kidney damage may be that: PQ direct damaging, inadequate blood volume, metabolites retention after liver and kidney damage .5. PQP often accompanied by the pancreas injury. This study found that the serum amylase in exposed group changed higher at the 3rd day,and reached its peak at the 7th day, and fallouted at the14th day, but it didn't return to normal levels. Considering apart from radical causing directly damage, the stress response of the body ,and the excessive inflammatory response, could lead to the pancreas and multiple organ damage.The mechanisms of multiple organ damage induced by PQP had not yet been fully clarified, the current study involving oxygen free radicals, inflammatory mediators, calcium overload, affecting such areas of energy. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of paraquat poisoning occupied an important position. The results showed that: after two groups of rats exposed PQ plasma MDA concentration was significantly increased, SOD levels were significantly reduced, indicating that the PQ in vivo metabolism generated active oxygen free radicals, consumpting a great deal of the reduction material. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that: MDA and serum CK-MB, ALT, CRE had positive correlation (P <0.01 or P<0.05). SOD and serum CK-MB, ALT, CRE had negative correlation (P <0.01 or P<0.05), that is further confirmed the relationship between oxidative damage and multiple organ damage.Xuebijing injection possesses some compounds ,such as safflow yellow,Ligustrazine,Salvianic acid,sodium ferulate,Paeoniflorin, which contain antioxidant properties and can remove oxygen free radicals. To study the protective effect and mechanism of Xuebijing injection on multiple organ of PQP rats, this paper will focus on the plasma MDA and SOD levels which are related indicators of oxygen free radicals, as well as indicators of various organs of intervention. On the one hand, confirmed the oxidative stress caused multiple organ damage involved in PQP.On the other hand showed Xuebijing injection will be achieved through a variety of effective components of lipid peroxidation, scavenging free radicals, and then protected the organs.Conclusion PQP can increase plasma MDA concentrations , and decrease SOD activity, which indicated that the oxygen free radical injury participate in the pathogenesis of the PQP; PQP can lead to acute lung injury toxic myocarditis, toxic hepatitis, kidney damage and acute pancreatitis through a variety of mechanisms, oxidative stress played an important role in the process of multiple organ injury induced by PQP. The appilication of Xuebijing injection can decrease the concentration of plasma MDA,and increase activity of SOD, and pathology of lung tissue and biochemical indicators have improved. Xuebijing injection will be adopted to reduce the antioxidant role of organ damage; Xuebijing injection has a certain therapeutic effect in PQP. |
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