Research On Quality And Evaluation Methods Of Microenvironment In Compartment Of Mobile Medical Equipment

Benign microenvironment in compartment of mobile medical equipment is as important as tactics functions that can be mobile, cure the wounded and finish the service mission for meeting requirements of army. Mobile medical equipment may usually finish the medical treatment in atrocious conditions. For example, the climate of summer or winter is hot or cold, tropic zone is moist, many species of microbe exist and the condition of the roads is complicated. Quality of microenvironment in compartment of mobile medical equipment has immediately influence on efficiency of doctor and nurse and healthy of wounded. Simultaneously because it is possible that recently international BC (biologic and chemical) terrorism attack, paroxysmal chemical accident, fatal disaster and epidemic sometimes happen, mobile medical equipment must ensure people's security during medical treatment. BC protection measures and BC protection indices of compartment are also important contents about microenvironment in compartment. It is necessary that air parameter in compartment can be regulated, concentration of air contaminants can be controlled, influence of vibration and impact can be weakened, poisonous gas or aerosol can be prevented into compartment, comfort and security of people can be ensured for mobile medical equipment by effectual manual methods as heating, ventilation, regulating air ingredient and controlling pressure of air.After productions of other concerned compartments and domestic and foreign standards are used for reference in the article, microenvironments in compartment of mobile medical equipment are classified as thermal environment, vibration environment, air environment, noise and illumination environment and extreme BC environment according to different functions and requirements of mobile medical equipment. Index system of microenvironment in compartment of mobile medical equipment is established. Index limits of quality grades of microenvironments and corresponding testing methods are suggested. According to analyzing theories corresponding evaluation methods are established.It is an emphasis that quality demands and evaluation methods of thermal environment, vibration environment and extreme BC environment in compartment are studied in the article. Experiments are conducted by taking emergency ambulance for biologic protection as example for alidating rationality of index limits and evaluation methods. Concrete contents as follow:(1) In terms of thermal environment, physical parameter under the influence of different thermal environment and thermal comfort mechanism of body are analyzed using environment medicine and physiology environment. The main influencing factors for compartment are confirmed. The relation between the thermal sense of body and thermal environment is discovered. After thermal environment standards of compartments and complex evaluation indices of thermal sense are analyzed, index limits, testing methods and evaluation methods of thermal environment in compartment of mobile medical equipment are established. Experiment and evaluation of thermal comfort of body are conducted using PMV complex evaluation index for validating rationality of index limits and corresponding evaluation methods.When temperature in the carriage falls using air-conditioning in summer thermal parameters of every position as supine posture, sitting posture and stand-up posture are measured and weighted at the time of 30min and 1h. The metabolic rate and clothing insulation can be found out by reference. The values of PMV indices of postures are worked out using Matlab programs. The conclusion of thermal comfort of people is obtained. When initial outside temperature is 38.8℃, PMV of supine wounded is during the comfort range of -0.5⁰.5 ,thermal comfort of them is well and doctor,nurse and sitting wounded feel hotter at the time of temperature in the carriage falling to about 28℃by 30min. PMV of doctor, nurse and sitting wounded is during the comfort range of -0.5⁰.5 ,whole thermal comfort of doctor and nurse is well and supine wounded feel colder when temperature in the carriage falls to about 25℃by 1h. But local discomfort of doctor is verified using PD index. Thermal comfort of people in the carriage can be improved by regulating buttons of air-conditioning, increasing clothing insulation of supine wounded and transforming the direction of flow.(2) In terms of vibration environment, body vibration property and influence of vibration are analyzed. On the basis of consulting concerned standards index limits, evaluation methods and evaluation grades of sitting and supine body vibration comfort for medical vehicle are confirmed. Vibration comfort experiment of sitting and supine wounded in the emergency ambulance is conducted in the proving ground of vihecles. Datum measured is analyzed using analyzing software DASP. Rationality of index limits and evaluation methods are validated. Total acceleration square root of sitting body vibration is 0.65 m/s² and two-time acceleration square root of supine body vibration is 0.39 m/s² when emergency ambulance runs in the velocity of 40 km/h on the pitch road. Parameter of sitting body vibration is less than 1.027 m/s² and parameter of supine body vibration is less than 1.250 m/s². The demand of their vibration comfort is satisfied.(3)In terms of extreme BC environment, property of BC menace, BC protection methods and BC protection indices are introduced. Index limits and testing methods of BC protection capability in compartment of mobile medical equipment are suggested. Security evaluation methods of compartment are established using numerical simulating results, AHP methods and fuzzy math. Security of people in the operation shelter is analyzed. The conclusions show that probability of overall security of operation shelter that belong to more than"comparative safe"is 65.4% and probability of it that belong to"comparative danger"and"danger"is only 0.67%while outside poison HCN concentration is 5mg/L. BC protection capability of shelter is satisfied.Furthermore in terms of air environment ,air ingredient as CO, CO₂, SO₂, NO₂, H₂S, NH₃, CH₂O, benzene, TVOCs, absorbable particle and microbe are summarized analyzing source of air contamination in compartment. The influence of contamination for people's healthy are analyzed. On the basis of consulting concerned standards concentration limits of air ingredient in compartment of mobile medical equipment are confirmed. And index limits and testing methods of ventilation flow in compartment of mobile medical equipment are confirmed combining with research on thermal environment. Lustration in compartment of mobile medical equipment is confirmed according to the property of medical compartments. Representative methods in objective evaluation, subjective evaluation and complex evaluation are introduced using IQA. Especially index evaluation and PDA index are important evaluation methods in them. The measures that can improve air quality are suggested according to property of contamination and intensity of source.In terms of noise, illumination and radiation environment source and harm of noise and radiation are introduced and comfortable illumination is emphasized. On the basis of consulting concerned standards index limits of noise, illumination and radiation in compartment of mobile medical equipment are confirmed. Concerned testing methods are introduced. Especially equivalent consecutive sound level and annoyance index are important evaluation methods for evaluating noise.The production of the article is adopted by national army standard"quality demands and evaluation methods of microenvironment in the field medical compartment".