| Objective:To study the interrelations among rural drinking water,sanitation and waterborne infectious disease based on the analysis results of current status of rural drinking water,sanitation and main waterborne infectious diseases in China, established a quantitative model on them primarily.Materials and Methods:Materials consisted of 2 parts- the one is "Survey on the Current Status of Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation in China" which was conducted in 31 provinces,municipalities,autonomous regions and xinjiangbingtuan;the other is incidence of Hepatitis A,bacillary dysentery,ameba dysentery,typhoid,paratyphoid and infectious diarrhea in 2006 which came from infectious disease monitoring network.The current status of rural drinking water, sanitation and main waterborne infectious diseases in China were analyzed by descriptive method according to factors such as time,place and so on.Principal component score method was used to grade rural drinking water and sanitation.Trend test and canonical correlation analysis were used to study the factors which affected rural drinking water and sanitation.Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression model were used to study the single and multiple relations among incidence of waterborne infectious diseases,drinking water variables and sanitation variables.Results:1.The total unqualified rate of rural drinking water in China is 72.47%.Main unqualified indexes were total coliform group,total bacterial count, turbidity,fluoride and pH,the unqualified rate were 61.27%,19.90%,7.24%,6.81%and 5.66%respectively.Microbial contamination is primary pollution in drinking water. Coverage rate of sanitary latrine in rural area is 23.83%.Sanitation status at rural households were not so good as expected.The problem that garbage and sewage were threw away random in rural families was serious.2.household annual earnings,education of householder and size of house were related to the status of rural drinking water and sanitation.It is proved that coverage rate of tap water and sanitary latrine in rural families increased with the increase of household annual earnings,education of householder and size of house by trend test(p＜0.01).3.Incidence of Hepatitis A,bacillary dysentery,ameba dysentery,typhoid, paratyphoid and infectious diarrhea in 2006 in China was 95.96/100000,1255115 cases were reported,accounting for 27.2%of total reported cases of legal infectious diseases in 2006.The incidence of male was all higher than that of female.The incidence of most waterborne infectious diseases for under 5 years age-group is higher than that of other age-groups.Incidence changed greatly in different provinces for different diseases.Typhoid and paratyphoid took on centralized trend.4.Results of study showed a negative correlation between Hepatitis A,infectious diarrhea and drinking water variables,sanitation variables.Incidence of Hepatitis A and infectious diarrhea decreased with improvements in drinking water supply and sanitation.Typhoid and paratyphoid were mainly related to quality of drinking water, their incidence decreased with increase of qualified rate of water.There is no statistically significant correlation between bacillary dysentery,ameba dysentery and drinking water variables,sanitation variables in this study.Conclusions:Current status of rural drinking water and sanitation in China was not optimistic,and need to be improved.The number of people infected with waterborne infectious diseases was huge,which remains one of the focus for control and prevention.A negative correlation was showed between most waterborne infectious diseases and drinking water and sanitation,improved drinking water and sanitation were still important factors for reducing the incidences of waterborne infectious diseases... |
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