| Part 1 Forward long pulse-low frequency gastric electric stimulation normalize artificial ectopic tachygastria induced by retrograde long pulse-high frequency gastric electrical stimulationAims: Explore the minimum energy of forward long pulse-low frequency gastric electric stimulation (GES) to normalize tachygastria induced by artificially ectopicpacemaker using retrograde long pulses GES in high frequency.Methods: Seven female beagles dogs chronically implanted with four pairs of cardiac pacing electrodes along the greater curvature of stomach into serosa were applied with retrograde gastric electrical simulation (RGES) and forward gastric electrical stimulation (FGES). RGES performed via electrodes positioned in the distal part of antrum near pylorus, which included a series of fixed stimulating parameters: 9cpm, 300ms, 0.3mA, was kept on applying to produce substantial tachygastria. In contrast to RGES, FGES was performed with long pulses via the electrodes around the region of corpus, and its initially stimulating parameters was 5.5cpm, 300ms, 1mA, whose amplitude would be increased stepwise by 1mA until tachygastria induced by RGES was completely normalized. During the whole period of modulation and application of long pulses FGES, long-pulse RGES was simultaneously conducted without any discontinuance . Gastric slow waves and animaldyspeptic symptoms were recorded.Results: 1.the minimum amplitude, (5.0±0.93)mA and the minimum energy, (1500±277.75)mA*ms of FGES could completely normalize artificial ectopic tachygastria induced by RGES,which make the slow wave percentage recover to normal (95.61%±3.78% vs 42.68%±19.74%,p=0.001), the tackygastria percentage decrease(3.58%±0.85% vs 40.29%±19.68%,p=0.001), DF decrease (6.35±0.66 vs 5.60±0.85, p=0.031) and DP increase (-9.67±5.08 vs -2.26±1.03,p=0.001) 2.The score of dyspeptic symptoms either before or during RGES and FGES were 1 pointConclusions: Forward long pulses GES can normalize the artificial ectopic tachygastria induced by antral electrical stimulation as well as enhance the RGES-induced gastric hypomotility.PartⅡAccommodation and Emptying of Proximal Stomach to a Nutrition Meal in Cases of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea or ConstipationBackground: the application of real-time ulatrosound to investigate the accommodation and emytying of proximal stomach in the gastrointestinal disorders is receiving more attentions among the cliniciansAims: To investigate gastric accommodation and emptying in cases of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with diarrhea or constipation. Method: D-IBS, C-IBS, healthy controls, 20 cases respectively, were included. All were scanned fasting in a sitting position after drinking 500 ml Nutrition meal. Images were recorded up to 60 min postprandial after a 4-min ingestion of test meal using an ultrasound sector scanner.Result:(1) After the test meal, the D-IBS patients except 5, 60 min, and the C-IBS patients except 60 min all exhibited smaller volume of proximal stomach compared with healthy controls (P<0.05); During the test, both the volume of proximal stomach at 0 min and maximum volume of proximal stomach in IBS patients were smaller than those of healthy controls(156.19±23.20 vs 157.93±33.12 vs 183.02±26.46; 179.03±26.43 vs 174.08±34.18 vs 209.95±24.12, P<0.05). At the all eight time points, the volumes of the proximal stomach were not shown significant difference between the D-IBS patients and the C-IBS patients.(2) There was no significant difference in the lag phase of proximal stomach between IBS patients and healthy controls(4.75±4.43 vs 5.75±3.35 vs 6.25±2.75, P>0.05).(3) By comparison with healthy controls, the half time of the proximal gastric emptying in D-IBS patients was advanced (19.4±8.9 vs 28.5±4.8, P=0.039. which is near to statistical significance in C-IBS patients,Conclusion: The patients suffering D-IBS or C-IBS have impaired accommodation of the proximal stomach to a meal. Compared with that of the controls, there are no difference between two types. The emptying of proximal stomach in IBS patients was advanced. |
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