| Deer blood refers to venous blood or antler blood of sika deer or red deer, is a kind of precious Chinese traditional medicine. Its pharmacodynamics function is said to be "nourish weak, beneficial to marrow and blood, detoxifcation"in, and deer blood has been used as tonic among the people for a long time. Sika deer blood is in abundance recent years, but studying on its process and function is lagged behind application. In this paper, sika deer blood was used as main material, based on comparision of basic component and functional component in different seasons, enzymatic hydrolysis and drying process of sika deer blood were studied. The Anti-aging activity of sika deer blood, sika deer blood serum and sika deer blood hydrolysate was investigated. The main results were summarized as follows:1. Basic component and functional component of sika deer blood in different seasons were determined. There was siganificant difference in basic components of sika deer blood among four seasons, the solid content of sika deer blood in winter was the highest, then was spring and autumn, and summer was the lowest; Sika deer blood was rich in Fe and Ca, the content of Fe was at its high level in spring(0.2626mg/g), autumn came next, but Ca was at its highest level(0.2133mg/g) in summer, the Cu/Zn ratio of sika deer blood was very low in all of the four seasons, especially in autumn only for 0.14. The content of total phospholipids, uracil and hypoxanthine were higher in Winter than other seasons. Essential amino acid accounted for 41.44% of total amino acid in sika deer blood, the ratio of essential amino acid and non-essential amino acid was 0.71.2. The effects of enzyme type and enzymatic hydrolysis mode on hydrolysis degree and nitrogen yield of sika deer blood were studied. Among four enzymes Alcalase, Protamex, Flavorzyme and Papain, the hydrolysate of Papain and Alcalase had highest nitrogen yield, and Flavorzyme had the highest hydrolysis degree than any other enzymes. Step hydrolysis with Alcalase and Flavorzyme obtained a significant effect on hemoglobin hydrolysis of sika deer blood, the opitimum condition was firstly hydrolyzed by 4500 U/g protein of Alcalase at 8% substrate concentration, initial pH 8.0 for 1h at 55℃, then with 1500 U/g protein of Flavorzyme for 3h, the hydrolysis degree, nitrogen yield and heme content of hydrolysate were 27.95%,73.75% and 3.326mg/mL, respectively. Hydrolysis effect of step hydrolysis was largely improved compared with single enzyme hydrolysis.3. Effects of drying mode and drying condition on quality and nutritional properties of dried sika deer blood were studied. In spray-dried process, the color of dried sika deer blood changed from purple red to light red along with the rise of input temperature. Nitrogen soluble index (NSI) of spray-dried sika deer blood was higher at 160℃(89.29%) , but protein digestibility was in high level at 160-180℃(85.54%). Freeze dried sika deer blood was better than spray-dried sika deer blood not only in sensory but also for nutritional properties. The color of dried sika deer blood hydrolysate became lighter, but nitrogen soluble index and protein digestibility were significantly higher than dried sika deer blood. There was no obviously difference between Freeze-dried and spray-dried sika deer blood hydrolysate had no obviously difference.3. Anti-aging activity on experiment mice aged by D-Galactose of different sika deer blood products was discussed. Sika deer blood, sika deer blood serum and sika deer blood hydrolysate all had significant effect on improving immunity and SOD activity in serum of experiment mice, reducing content of MDA and restraining MAO activity in liver of experiment mice. And sika deer blood can obviously improve immunity of experiment mice, sika deer blood serum was better than the other two products in restraining MAO activity, sika deer blood hydrolysate have better effect on improving SOD activity, so it had prominent anti-oxidation effect. |
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