Bionic Processing Technology Optimization And Product Development Of Deer Blood And Skin

As one of the first countries in the world to breed deer and manufacture and use deer products,China has regarded deer as a valuable economic animal for both medicine and food since ancient times,and has a medical history of more than 1300years for deer products.There are more than 30 kinds of edible and medical parts,mainly including deer antler,deer blood,deer heart,deer whip,deer skin,deer bone,deer fetus,etc.As one of the first countries in the world to breed deer and manufacture deer products,China has a history of more than 260 years of deer breeding and more than 1300 years of deer product medicinal history.The drawback is that China is still in the primary stage of deep utilization and development of deer products,so its added value is low and its nutritional value has not been fully exploited.It is a good way to extend deer industry chain and increase added value by applying modern enzymolysis technology,tapping more health care value and developing related products.The research shows that the main material basis of the efficacy of animal medicinal materials is the active peptide composed of amino acids.Both deer blood and deer skin contain rich proteins and a variety of amino acid nutrients.Enzymolysis of deer blood and deer skin by using enzymatic hydrolysis technology can not only reduce the viscosity of deer blood,enhance the solubility and fluidity,but also transform the macromolecular proteins rich in both into hydrolysates composed of small peptides and amino acids,It makes it easier to be directly digested and absorbed by the intestinal tract,with more obvious effects,and provides convenience for later production and processing.Therefore,in this paper,firstly,a variety of proteases are used to enzymatically hydrolyze deer blood and deer skin,and then they are formulated with some traditional Chinese medicines with the same origin of medicine and food respectively to make two compounds.Then,through a comprehensive evaluation of multiple pharmacological activities,the protease types are optimized,and the mechanism of drug treatment is preliminarily discussed through network pharmacology.Finally,the deer blood and deer skin are enzymatically hydrolyzed with the protease selected from pharmacological experiments,After freeze-drying and compounding,the process of related products was studied,and four new sika deer source health foods with the functions of nourishing the liver and kidney and relieving liver depression were developed.Using modern medical research methods and animal comparative experiments,we will further study the health function of deer products,and provide reference for the further rational utilization of deer blood and deer skin and the development of health products.The specific research contents and results are as follows:1.Bionic processing optimization of deer blood based on pharmacological activity evaluation:The protective effect of deer blood compound on cisplatin-induced premature ovarian failure（POF）in mice was studied by using the model of cisplatin-induced premature ovarian failure（POF）.After the mice were treated with cisplatin and gavage,the general activity and body weight changes were observed;The ovarian,liver,kidney and heart coefficients of mice were calculated;The bone mineral density was measured by DXA-dual-energy X-ray small animal bone mineral density analyzer;The contents of estradiol（E₂）,follicle-stimulating hormone（FSH）,anti-Mullerian hormone（AMH）and gonadotropin-releasing hormone（Gn RH）in the serum of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）kit;The levels of ALT,AST,BUN,CRE and CK-MB in serum of mice were detected by chemical reagent kit;The histopathological changes of ovary,liver,kidney and heart of mice were observed under light microscope,and the histopathological evaluation was performed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining.The results showed that the deer blood compound had obvious improvement effect on the phenomena of the mouse’s hair,such as the serious hair loss,the reduction of activity,food intake and body weight,and the ovarian coefficient and the E₂and AMH contents in serum of the mice were increased in different degrees in each administration group,and the FSH and Gn RH contents were also decreased（p<0.05 or p<0.01）;The liver coefficient of mice increased significantly,while the kidney coefficient and the contents of ALT,AST,BUN and CRE in serum decreased significantly（p<0.05 or p<0.01）;The heart coefficient of mice was significantly increased,and the increase of CK-MB activity induced by cisplatin was significantly inhibited（p<0.05 or p<0.01）;In addition,the pathological morphology and structure of the mouse ovary were also improved,the number of follicles increased,the pathological changes of kidney tissue such as inflammatory infiltration,renal tubular degeneration,swelling and other phenomena were also significantly reduced,and the liver tissue damage and myocardial tissue damage were also alleviated;The comprehensive results show that the liver and kidney are homologous,and the deer blood compound has a good therapeutic effect on POF by changing the hormone release level and improving the pathological damage of ovary and other tissues.In addition,the protective effect of neutral+trypsin group is more stable and better at the same dose.2.Bionic processing technology optimization of deer skin based on pharmacological activity evaluation:Chronic unpredictable mild stress（CUMS）was used to establish a depression model in mice,to explore the liver soothing and depression relieving effects of deer skin compound,and to select the protease with good activity according to behavioral evaluation,related biochemical indicators and other comprehensive comparison.After CUMS modeling and intragastric administration,observe the general activities and weight changes of mice;The behaviors of mice were evaluated by sugar preference test（SPT）,tail suspension test（TST）,forced swimming test（FSH）,open field test（OFT）and elevated cross maze test（EPM）;After the behavioral test,the coefficients of liver and spleen were measured,and the levels of corticotropin releasing hormone（CRH）in hypothalamus,adrenocorticotropic hormone（ACTH）and corticosterone（CORT）in serum were measured;HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the sections and evaluate the degree of damage to the hippocampus of mice.The results of the study showed that the slow reaction,clumping,sleepiness,low diet,loose stool,dry,yellow and disheveled,fighting,biting and slow growth of body weight of mice were significantly improved.The sugar preference rate rose sharply;In forced swimming experiment and tail suspension experiment,the immobility time of mice was significantly reduced,and in open field experiment,the time in the central area was increased.At the same time,the movement time and distance were significantly prolonged;In the elevated cross maze experiment,they also showed better exploration behavior,increased curiosity,and significantly increased the time in the high hanging open arms（p<0.05 or p<0.01）.The levels of CRH in hypothalamus and ACTH and CORT in serum of mice decreased significantly（p<0.05 or p<0.01）.HE staining results of hippocampus showed that the pathological changes of tissue structure and neuronal apoptosis were also recovered to some extent.In general,the deer skin containing compound can inhibit the hyperactivity of HPA axis by reducing the content of related hormones,and has certain liver soothing and depression relieving activity,which has a better therapeutic effect on improving the depression of liver depression and spleen deficiency.In addition,by comparing and analyzing the data results of behavioral and related biochemical indicators of each administration group,it was found that the activity of neutral protease was more stable and the effect was better than that of other groups after comprehensive evaluation.3.Discussion on the mechanism of action of deer blood and deer skin compound based on network pharmacology technology:Based on the network pharmacology analysis of the possible mechanism of action of compound prescription against diseases,294 action targets of compound prescription containing deer blood were predicted,and 212 common targets possibly related to premature ovarian failure were identified;349 potential targets were screened from the compound containing deerskin,and 203 common targets possibly related to depression were identified.In addition,GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out to reveal the role of drugs in improving diseases and their potential therapeutic mechanisms from the perspective of potential targets and potential pathways,reflecting the comprehensive and holistic treatment characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.4.Product preparation process optimization and quality evaluation:Based on the sensory evaluation,four products including deer blood peptide chocolate pill,deer blood peptide sesame pill,deer skin peptide chocolate pill and deer skin peptide sesame pill were developed.The ratio of traditional Chinese medicine extract,black sesame powder and honey in deer blood peptide chocolate pill and deer skin peptide chocolate pill was determined to be 2:6:1;The ratio of traditional Chinese medicine extract and black sesame powder in Deer Blood Peptide Sesame Pill and Deer Skin Peptide Sesame Pill is 1:4;The color of the product should have the color of the product;The tissue morphology is solid and pellet;The taste is fragrant or sweet without peculiar smell;No visible foreign impurities.The sesame pill prepared under this condition is solid,with good color and taste,high sensory score,and relevant physical and chemical indicators and microbial indicators in line with national standards.