Studied On The Bioactive Substances Of Northeast Xanthium

Xanthium sibiricum, one of the feverfew, is belongs to annual weeds. It is widely distributed in Europe,most of Asian and part of north America, and widely distributed all parts of the country. Xanthum mongolicum kitag is one of its kind, it mainly distributed in northeast, Inner Mongolia and the Yixian, in Hebei province and its surrounding areas. It usually grows in drought hillside or sandy wasteland. This study aimed to investigate the bioactive substances in Xanthium sibiricum.Three ways were used to determine Vitamin C in all parts of Xanthium sibiricum. We found that a method for determination of Vc based on UV spectroscopy was simple, rapid and accurate, so it can be extended. The content in cocklour fruit is 53.57mg/100g, in the rod that is 15.37 mg/100g, and in the leaf that is 106.44 mg/100g. We sought to assay the content of polysaccharide in Xanthium sibiricum and the optimum condition of extraction was obtained. The best experiment condition for extracting the polysaccharide is phenol-sulfuric acid method. The result shows that the content of polysaccharide in Xanthium sibiricum is 18.3%, and in the in the rod that is 13.33%.In the test of the ultrasonic extraction process of crude fat in Xanthium sibiricum, the optimum condition was measured at 20℃,70% ultrasonic power,1:30 (g/ml) solvent to solute weight ratio,30 min extraction duration. The content of crude fat is 22.18%. The mice in experimental group were treated by gavage with the crude fat. We found that there was no toxicity to the mice, so the crude fat can be used for developing vegetable oils. In the tolerance test, contrast to other vegetable oils, the mice which ate XanThium oils were no abnormal changes. These mice had normal endurance and constitution were better.By means of the extraction process of saponin from XanThium by hot reflux, we ensure the optimum extraction condition.85℃extraction temperature,60% ethanol concentration,1:6 (g:ml) solvent to solute weight ratio,2h extraction duration, 4 extract times. Under this condition, extraction efficiency was excessive. The standard curve was done with ginsenoside to give standard curve for calculating the content of XanThium saponin, and the content was 0.0297mg/g.The results of bacteriostatic test showed that saponin in XanThium is effective for both of bacterium (staphylococcus, bacillus coli). And what's more, the antibacterial effect for bacillus coli is more remarkable than that for staphylococcus. In the vitro cytotoxicity experiment of saponin in cocklebur, the cell of SP2/0 was massively disaggregated, and the medium became light. There were no abnormal changes for DK, BHK and HeLa cell growth. It illustrates that there was no obvious pharmacological action of saponin in cocklebur, therefore, none of this is to say that the saponin have cancer effect.In the determination of protein in and purification cocklebur, by means of the of kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, we determined the total content of protein was 4.39%. The content of protein was determined using coomassie brilliant blue G-250 method and it was 33mg/g. The water-soluble proteins were extracted and silica gel column chromatography was adopted. The purity of protein was more than 90% and its concentration was up to 3.6835mg/ml.The results of bacteriostatic test showed that saponin in XanThium is effective for both of bacterium (staphylococcus, bacillus coli). By analysing the size of inhibition zone, we can get the conclusion that the antibacterial effect for bacillus coli is more remarkable than that for staphylococcus. In the vitro cytotoxicity experiment of saponin in cocklebur, the cell of SP2/0 was massively disaggregated, and the medium became light. There were no abnormal changes for DK, BHK and HeLa cell growth. Consequently, cancer effect.of the protein was not obvious. Protein solution was injected into mice, after blood sampling and blood routine, we can ensure it leads to inflammatory reaction in mice. Additional, physiological indexes were found have some changes. We speculate that may the toxic protein take the effect. The results of hemagglutination test showed that the protein in cocklebur was hemagglutinin protein.