| Schizophyllum commune Fr. is also called tree-flower, white-flower, etc. It is a kind of precious and traditional chinese edible and medicinal macrofungi, It is smelled nice and tasted fresh from Yunnan. It is mild-natured and sweet-flavor, having the effects of nourishing, strengthening the body resistance and sedation, being used for the treatments of neurasthenia, dizziness, tinnitus bradypsychia and abnormal sweating due to general debility. In southwest, S. commune is usually stewed with eggs by the folks, for recovery of the uterine of puerpera and promotion of lactation, having a significant effect on leukorrhagia. In recent years, because of its prominent effect on anti tumor, S. commune has become to a the research hot spot in domestic and foreign. Due to the difficulties in harvest and artificial cultivation, the application in fields of medicine and health-care is restricted. In this paper, the mycelia and broth obtained by liquid fermentation, were used as materials to extract polysccharides and study its pharmacological effects.The results were as follow:1. In this study, the biological characteristics of S. commune hypha in solid culture and liquid culture were observed respectively. In solid culturate, the hypha usually grew with isodiametric radial, wtite, irregular margin, compact hypha, grew rapidly after 4-5d, bestrewed the plate after 7d; under microscope, walls of hypha were thin, white, obtuse apex, less branch, septate, diameter 0.3-lμm, no clamp connection; during the liquid fermentation, balls of hypha were white, small in initial, grew large later, the ball diameter was 0.5-1 cm. Broth were turbid in initial stage, then gradually became clear and produced the obvious fermenting odour as cultural time went on. The intracellular (SPG1) and extracellular (SPG2) polysaccharides of S. commune were preparated, the color of SPG1 was dark brown, yield was 11.2g/L, content of the polysaccharide was 75.72%; the color of SPG2 was dark brown too, yield was 5.7g/L, content of the polysaccharide was 82.33%.2.The decreasing toxicity and synergistic effects of SPG1 and SPG2 from liquid fermentation of S. commune on tumor-bearing mice treated by cytoxan were studied. The results showed that the mice in CTX group were inappetence and thin, the mental state were not good, the body weight, spleen index and thymus index had significantly decreased (P<0.01or P<0.05).Compared with the CTX group, the thymus index in SPG2-L+CTX group had significantly increased (P<0.05), the spleen index had extremely significantly increased (P<0.01). Therefore, SPG1 and SPG2 were considered to have the decreasing toxicity effect. Otherwise, compared with CTX group, the polysaccharide medium-dose+CTX, low-dose+CTX groups had a better effects on inhibiting the growth of S180,the inhibitory rate of SPG2-L+CTX group was the highest (74.48%).Therefore, SPG 1 and SPG2 were considered to have the synergistic effect. 3. The anti-aging effect of polysaccharide from mycelia of S. commne by liquid fermentation on D-galactose induced aging mice was studied. In model group, D-galactose could significantly decrease the spleen index, thymus index and the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in brain, liver tissues and serum, it could increase the content of MDA as well. It showed that the model was reliable as the results were consistent with literature mentioned. The results showed that SPG1 could significantly increase the spleen index, thymus index, enhance the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-PX in brain, liver and serum, reduce the content of MDA, the protective effects of SPG1-L on liver and serum were extremely significant (P<0.01).It could considered that the mechanism of SPG1 for anti-aging was enhancing the activities of antioxidases, clearing free radicals, suppressing the protein dissolution, degeneration, ensuring the integrity of the cell membrane structure and function, delaying apoptosis and improving the immunity.4. The expelling phlegm effect of intracellular polysaccharide of S. commne (SPG1) was studied by phenol red method. The results showed that SPG1-H could increase phenol red secretion in pneogaster, which could significantly increase the respiratory secretions, compared with control group (P< 0.05).The result showed that SPG1 had expelling phlegm effect.5. The anti-inflammatory activities of polysaccharides of S. commune were observed with the cotton ball-induced granuloma, and carrageen-induced feet swelling of rats. The resulte showed that both SPG1 and SPG2 could reduce the feet swelling and inhibit proliferation of granulation (P<0.01),with dose dependence. The inhibiting effects on immune organs were not remarkable. The highest inhibitory rate of SPG1 and SPG2 on feet swelling were 57.10%,62.45%, on proliferation of granulation were 63.00%,63.84%, respectively.6. The antibacterial activities of polysaccharides of S. commne from liquid fermentation were studied. The filter paper dispersion method was used, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis were used as tested bacteria (2.3×106 cells/mL), Streptomycin was chosen as positive control.The results showed that SPG1 and SPG2 had no antibacterial actitvity.7. The therapeutical effect of SPG 1 and SPG2 on bacterial vaginosis was observed. The model was established by co-infection of S. aureus and E. coli. The results demonstrated that the negative-inverted rate of E. coli in vaginal secretion of SPG1-L group, SPG2-M group and SPG2-L group had significant differences, compared with model group, after drug withdrawal (P<0.01). The negative-inverted rate of S. aureus in vaginal secretion of SPG 1-L group and SPG2-L group had significant differences, compared with model group, after drug withdrawal (P<0.05). After drug withdrawal, the classification of histopathology of vaginal infected specimen of SPG 1 and SPG2 had significant differences, compared with model control group (P<0.05)The followings were innovation of this paper:This is the first time to study the anti-aging effect of SPG 1 on D-galactose induced aging mice. The results demonstrated that, compared with model group, the spleen index and thymus index had significantly increased, the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-PX in brain, liver and serum were enhanced, the content of MDA were reduced in all SPG1 groups. It could considered that the anti-aging mechanism was related to improve antjoxidases activity, scavenge free radicals, inhibit apoptosis, and enhance immunity system.This is the first time to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharides of S. commune from liquid fermentation systematically, Study the inhibitory effects on cotton ball-induced granuloma and carrageen-induced feet swelling of rats for the first time. The results demonstrated that both SPG1 and SPG2 had the suppressive effects on acute and chronic inflammations, the effects of SPG1-H and SPG2-H were extremely significant (P<0.01). On the base of this results, this is the first time to study the therapeutical effects of SPG1 and SPG2 on bacterial vaginosis by establishing the model of co-infection of S. aureus and E. coli. The results showed that SPG1-L and SPG2-L had better therapeutical effects on bacterial vaginosis and protective actions on vagina mucosa. The negative-inverted rate of SPG2-L was highest (70%), higher than that of positive group (60%). All the result would, provide a basis and lay a foundation for the development and utilization of polysaccharides in the field of inflammation treatment. |
PDF Full Text Request