| Herba Xanthii is the dried overground part of Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder. derived from Xanthium. Its nature is cold and flavor is bitter with little toxicity. It can dispel pathogenic wind and clear heat, remove toxic substance and kill ascarid. Herba Xanthii has been included in many local Chinese medicine standard.The medicinal resources of Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder. is very aboundant. It has been used for a very long period in the folk. Its root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit are all used for curing sorts of disease. Over the many years, a lot of studies about the fruit with involucre of Xanthium sibiricum(Xanthii Fructus) has been unfolded. For better developing and utilizing Herba Xanthii, renewing and perfecting the subjects, indexes and technology in present local Chinese medicine standard, this article performs systematic pharmacognocy study on the overgrounded part of Xanthium sibiricum which include the documents references, commodity investigation, morphology, physical and TLC identification, content determination, fingerprint and pharmacodynamic. The results are as follows:The plant's morphology, leaves'form, inflorescence's location, fruit types, invol-ucres are the main identification characteristics of Herba Xanthii at morphology aspe-cts. Its surface properties on the main to stem the spread of arms and in the shape of flowers, leaves, located as the major features. At organization structure aspects, the types and arrangement of cortex, collenchyma, secretory cavity,clusters of calcium oxalate vascular bundle, are the main identification characteristics of stem, glandular hair, nonglandular hair, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, vascular bundle, the types of stoma are the main identification characteristics of leaf. And the leaf coat fragment, nonglandular hair,glandular hair, fiber bundle, vessel, wood-parenchymatous cell and calcium oxalate clustered crystal are the main identification characteristics in the powder of Xanthii Fructus.The TLC identification method of Herba Xanthii established. The results showed that herbs from different regions have the same color spot as the control herbs. The shade of spots points out the differences of the component content. The content of water, total ash, acid-insoluble ash of Herba Xanthii sample from 12 different regions have been determined. According to the experiment results, it is temporarily regulated that the water in Herba Xanthii herbs should not be over 14.0%, total ash should not be over 17.0% and acid-insoluble ash should not be over 2.0%.The determination method for extraction has been established. The extraction contents of 12 samples are from 11.21% to 30.58%;It is temporarily regulated that the extraction content should not be less than 20%.The UV-VIS method for determining the content of total phenolic acid has been established. The results showed that the content of total phenolic acid in different regions differs much form each other,from 0.921% to 5.039%, it may be purchased with the growth of the soil and climate and local environmental conditions and growth stages..HPLC fingerprints of Herba Xanthii from different regions has been studied. The common mode of HPLC fingerprints of Herba Xanthii has been established which contains 12 characteristic peaks.The contents of water, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, extraction, total phenolic acid of Herba Xanthii picked form different periods have been determined. The results showed that the contents of extraction and total phenolic acid raised the highest in August which respectively are 28.40%,3.731%. So it is primarily confirmed that the most suitable picking period of Herba Xanthii is the middle of July and August of every year.At the aspect of pharmacodynamics, the results of safety evaluation of Herba Xanthii showed that 6～9g in each person per day is safe to people. The water extract of Herba Xanthii can significantly inhibit the swell of rat's ears caused by dimethylbenzene, which shows that it has a good antiinflammatory effect. The results of the study on antibacterial effects in vitro showed that water extract as well as acetone extract of Herba Xanthii can inhibit the growth of pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis of 104～105 CFU/ml to different degrees. And the inhibition effect of water extract is stronger than that of acetone extract. The systematical phamacognocy study on the dried overground part of Xanthium sibiricum provide scientific references for revision of the quality standard of Herba Xanthii in Sichuan Province Chinese Herbal Medicine(version of the year 2008), and assure the stability and controllability of its quality and then make sure that its safety and validity in clinical use. |
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