| Objective①To establish an animal model of hyperlipidemia, which was needed to be stable, reliable and easily repeated. To investigate the effect of FWA upon blood lipid and protecting livers of hyperlipidemia mice.②To develop the best extraction technology of effective constituent (total flavonoids and organic acids) from wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) by ultrasonic sound and establish a determination method.③To study the protective effect of wild apricot extracts by ultrasound (WAEU) against experimental hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver and its possible mechanisms.Methods①The mice model of hyperlipidemia was fast established by intragastric administration emulsion. The hyperlipidemia mice were orally treated with FWA 0.2,0.3,0.4g-kg-1 per day respectively and Xuezhikang capsule 0.1g-kg-1 per day for 4 weeks. Then the mice serum contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and liver index were measured. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherosclerotic index (AI) were calculated as well. Liver tissue pathological changes were studied with the method of histology in order to observe whether FWA could protect liver of mice with hyperlipidemia.②With single factor experiment, the effect of factors on the extraction process was confirmed. With the orthogonal experimental design, the optimum conditions of the extraction were obtained. Both of them were studied through measuring the content of total flavonids. The assay was performed with the UV spectrophotometric method. The single experimental factors, such as ratio of solid to liquid, concentration of ethanol, temperature, ultrasound treating time, were studied. Then the optimum parameters were obtained by orthogonal test. The determination was done with potential titration.③Rat model with hyperlipidemia was successfully established by feeding fatty mash for 8 weeks, i.g. different doses of WAEU(0.2g-kg-1 and 0.4g-kg-1) and Xuezhikang(0.2 g-kg-1) per day for 8 weeks' prevention. The serum lipid level, including the content of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C, and the ability of antioxidation (the activities of MDA, SOD and GSH-Px) was measured. The activities of ALT and AST in serum were tested and the pathological change was observed to estimate the therapeutic effect of WAEU on nonalcoholic fatty liver induced by hyperlipidemia. The level of HL, LPL and LPS was obtained so that we could discuss the mechanism of WAEU reducing the blood lipid in hyperlipidemia rats.Results①FWA could significantly lower the liver index (p<0.001) and the serum contents of TC,TG,LDL-C and AI (p<0.01). The serum content of HDL-C was significantly higher than that in the model group (p<0.001), especially in the high dose group (p<0.001). The mice's fat changes degree of liver steatosis was much more decreased.②With the UV spectrophotometric method, the factors which influenced the extraction rate were sorted as follows C>B>A, where A, B, C stood for the alcohol concentration, material-liquid ratio and the temperature. The optimum process of the extraction technology was the temperature 70℃, the ratio of material-liquid 1:50, the alcohol concentration 50%. The extraction rate of total flavonoids was 5.39%. The optimum parameters were the ratio of solid to liquid 1:10(g/mL), using 30%(V/V) ethanol, the temperature60℃, ultrasound treating 40min. The extraction rate of organic acids was 18.65%.③The results showed that WAEU could obviously decrease the content of TC, TG, LDL-C and the activities of ALT and AST and increase the content of HDL-C of serum in hyperlipidemia rats drenched with high fat suspension. WAEU also lowered level of MDA and raised activities of SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissue. The degree of hepatic steatosis in WAEU group was lighter than those in hyperlipidemia model group, especially the high dose group, which was close to normal essentially. WAEU played important roles in enhancing the LPL and HL activities and inhibiting activity of LPS.Conclusion①FWA indeed had the function of reducing blood lipid of hyperlipidemia mice in addition to the counteraction atherosclerosis. To some extent, FWA also had good prevention and treatment to fatty liver.②Ultrasound extraction for total flavonoids and organic acids from wild apricot had characteristics of shorter extraction time and lower cost and higher efficiency. The determination method of organic acids was simple, reproducible and suitable.③WAEU had effect on reducing serum lipid and preventing the formation of nonalcoholic fatty liver obviously, and they were dose-dependent. Maybe it had relationships with the improvement of ability of antiocidation, the activation of lipid metabolism enzyme activity and the inhibition the generation of fat. |
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