The Influence Of Threating Information On Subjects' CPT Pain And The ERPs Research

Pain always accompanied all the stages of the human. It with breathing, body temperature, pulse, and blood pressure was known as the "five vital signs." But sometimes, the pain will seriously affect the people's life, and give people a tremendous mental and physical suffering. The researchers found that pain always has psychological components involved in the emergence and development stages. As the psychological factors of pain has a crucial role in the intervention and treatment, but also has a guiding effect on clinical and social policy-making. So the pain psychology has been growing attention.Pain is defined as:" the organization of tissue injury or potential injury-related damage or can be described using such, which cause unpleasant feelings and emotional experience." In this definition, pain is a physiological reaction caused by a specific mental activity, which contains a variety of negative cognitive activity, and complex motive and emotional response. Pain can be divided into Acute pain and Chronic pain, Psychological pain and Organic pain as well as Clinical pain and Laboratory pain. In this study, we use Cold Pressor Test as a means of inducing pain.Cognition impact the pain not only on the level of pain, but also on the analgesic effects and recovery process. However, a large number of existing clinical and laboratory studies related to pain, cognitive information on the subjects of pain behavior and coping strategies of affected received less attention.In this study, pain induced by Cold Pressor Task (CPT) to investigate threatening information on the subjects of pain behavior on laboratory.this research included three experiments:Experiment 1 investigated the text style cognitive information (threat/ security) has been tested on pain behavior and coping strategies were significantly different. Experimental use Jackson's (2005) research paradigm, using group designs, each was tested only read one type of text information. Single CPT for 4 minutes, but do not tell the subjects of this time limit. Using the stopwatch recorded the subject's pain tolerance. After the CPT, the subjects were asked to evaluated pain intensity by visual analog rating scale trial (Visual Analog Scale VAS). Pain coping strategies questionnaire was surveyed subjects'coping strategies during the CPT. The results show that threatening messages group were tested in a lower pain tolerance, pain intensity was found no difference between groups. The same time, coping strategies, the use of the difference between the two groups. Experiment 2 investigated different pictures of cognitive information (threat type/safety type) on pain behavior and coping strategies. The experiment was designed with groups, and used the E-prime to control the process. A single CPT duration is 6 minutes in this experiment. The results showed that subjects who received frostbite pictures lower pain tolerance, less use of positive coping strategies than the subjects who received neutral pictures. The third experiment to study brain electrical activity on the threatening information effects pain in the CPT。This experiment was used frostbite, unrelated threats, and neutral pictures as stimulation, and the experiment used within group design. The results show that the acceptance of threatening information and non-threatening information were tested in the case of pain there are significant differences in brain electrical activity.This study found the following conclusions:(1) pain behavior and pain coping strategies will happen change by the influence of the threatening message. (2) the materials of threat information (text materials and graphic material) have different effects on pain. Pictures threat information also has inflect the pain tolerance and coping strategies evaluation of information by the cognitive impact, but in the presence of its own characteristics, which show the opposite with the text in the "interpretation" and "coping self statements" strategy. (3) In situations of CPT pain, EEG activity was significantly different with the acceptance of threatening information related to CPT and the acceptance of neutral information and the threat unrelated with the CPT. Relatively independent of stimulation, and the situation threatening information got more attention and processing. Such differences are observable not only at early attentional orienting but also at later conscious attention and response decisional stages.