Pattern Recognition Of Trace Elements In Serum And Urine Samples From Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma And Healthy Volunteers By ICP-MS

Objective To establish multi-elementary metal quantification method using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in human serum and urine. To study the relationship between trace elements and renal cell carcinoma.Methods The urine concentrations of multi-elements in 28 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 30 healthy volunteers were determined by ICP-MS. The serum concentrations of multi-elements in 22 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 24 healthy volunteers were determined by the same way. Date was analyzed using two-sample t-test and nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. The results were analyzed by partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and Fisher discriminant.Results The limits of detection (LODs) are in the range 0.003μg/L (for 7Li)～2.986μg/L (for 47Ti). The relative standard deviations (RSDs) are in the range 0.80～4.66% in periods of 20 min,while 0.35～6.68% in periods of 4 h. Intra-day variation coefficients are in the range of 0.76～4.69%, while inter-day variation coefficients range from 1.08～14.18 %. Spike recoveries are in the range of 89～113%. In the urine samples, Compared with healthy volunteers, the levels of Mg, V, Li, Cr, As, Se, Mo and Sn were significant lower in patients with renal cell carcinoma (P <0.05), the levels of Cd were significant higher in patients with renal cell carcinoma (P <0.05). In the serum samples, compared with healthy volunteers, the levels of V, Co, Ni, Mn and Cd were significant higher in patients with renal cell carcinoma (P <0.05). And the concentrations of Ca and Zn were significant lower (P <0.05). In both groups, there wasn't any significant difference with Cu/Zn ratio in patients and healthy volunteers. The scores plot of the urine and serum samples shows distinct clustering between patients and controls. The classification accuracy of Fisher diseriminant functions for the serum and urine samples were 97.8% and 91.4% respectively.Conclusion We establish multi-elementary metal quantification method using ICP-MS in human serum and urine, which is acceptable for a clinical routine analysis. Trace elements in serum and urine were significant difference in patients with renal cell carcinoma and healthy volunteers. The result analyzed by partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and Fisher discriminant indicated that discriminant analysis of urine and serum samples based on trace element levels is possible. Thus, it is feasible to utility of trace elements determination as an aid in diagnostic determinations of renal cell carcinoma.