Effects Of Exercise Training On COUP-TF â…  And COUP-TF â…¡ Gene Expression Of SD And GK Rats' Skeletal Muscle

Currently, the most people die of cardiovascular disease in the world; the number of new cases of cancer each year is about 800 million, about 6.2 million of them die; 246 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with diabetes, and predicted that by 2025 The number of Diabetes will be more than 380 million. Cardiovascular disease,cancer,diabetes becoming a threat to human health.The pathogenesis of these diseases and control were studied by many scholars.With the in-depth study, scholars found that nuclear receptors not only play an important regulatory role for the body's growth, development, maintenance of normal physiological functions and metabolic processes, but also are directly related to the pathological process a variety of diseases, development, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, diabetes, diseases and obesity.The study of nuclear receptor become a major focus in this area.COUP-TFs belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family,they play an very important role in differentiation of organ and nerve cells. In recent years, studies have confirmed that COUP-TFs have two subtypes, they are COUP-TFⅠand COUP-TFⅡ.And they are widely expressed in various tissues and related to transcription. They also play an important role in the embryonic development and organ formation. And COUP-TFs mutation or abnormal expression of these two genes can cause heart disease, diabetes and cancer diseases. In particularly, the COUP-TFⅡgene is related to the formation and metabolism in skeletal muscle.COUP-TFⅡhas a role in reglating balance of the bone, muscle, fat.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an acute exercise,6-week high intensity interval training and endurance training on COUP-TFⅠand COUP-TFⅡgene expression of SD rats and the effect of endurance training on COUP-TFⅠand COUP-TFⅡgene expression of GK rats. We wanted to find out the relationship of COUP-TFⅠand COUP-TFⅡgene expression with glucose metabolism in the adaptation of exercise. Method:40 male SD rats, about 4 weeks old, weighing 100±5g; 12 GK rats, about 8 weeks old, weighing 250±5g, SD rats were randomly divided into SD control group (C, n=10), SD of acute group (D, n=10), SD endurance group (E, n=10), SD sprint group (S, n=10); GK rats were randomly divided into GK control group (H, n=6), GK endurance group (R, n =6). Endurance training in rats for 6 weeks of treadmill training, training six days a week, once a day for the Paosu starting 13m/min, a maximum speed of not more than 16.7m/min, day before the four weeks training in 40 minutes, After four weeks training,1 hour a day. After 6 weeks feeding, all rats were killed after the microplate reader detection of blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma adiponectin and glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated serum protein. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR detection of COUP-TFⅠand COUP-TFⅡgene transcription level. Western Blotting detection of COUP-TFⅠgene expression level.Results:(1)Three types training had no apparent effect on the growth curve of SD rats; Endurance training had no apparent effect on the growth curve of GK rats.(2)Endurance training significantly ruduced blood glucose of SD rats and had no apparent effect on IRS; Endurance training significantly ruduced blood glucose and IRS of GK rat.(3)Three type exercises significantly ruduced GSP of SD rat; Endurance training significantly ruduced GSP of GK rats.(4) Endurance training significantly increased the ADP concentration of GK and SD rats.(5)Acute exercise and endurance training significantly increased COUP-TFⅠmRNA transcription of SD rats except high intensity interval training; Endurance training significantly reduced COUP-TFⅠmRNA transcription of GK rats.(6)Three type exercises had no apparent effect on COUP-TFⅠprotein expression of SD rats; Endurance training significantly reduced COUP-TFⅠprotein expression of GK rats.(7)Three type exercises significantly reduced COUP-TFⅡmRNA transcription of SD rats; Endurance training significantly reduced COUP-TFⅡmRNA transcription of GK rats.Conclusion:(1)Endurance training was beneficial to reduce the level of blood glucose in GK rats, which may mitigate IR.(2)An acute exercise,6-week high intensity interval training and endurance training increased COUP-TFⅠmRNA expression and reduced COUP-TFⅡmRNA expression, but had no apparent effect on the gene transcription level of COUP-TFⅠ. The transcription level of COUP-TFⅠand COUP-TFⅡmay involve in the skeletal muscle rapid response to an acute exercise, but also in the chronic adaptation to the high intensity interval training and endurance training. Exercise may tend to activate COUP-TFⅠgene expression, and inhibition of COUP-TFⅡgene expression in the skeletal muscle.(3)The effect of Long-term endurance training on improving insulin resistance in GK rats may be relevant to the expression, transcription of COUP-TFⅠand down down regulation expression of COUP-TFⅡ.(4)The effect of endurance exercise on skeletal muscle gene expression in COUP-TFⅠhas decidedly the opposite effect in normal physiological and diabetes conditions, which we should consider the GK rats and SD rat strains, age, diet differences,where this study can not rule out these factors on the effect of endurance exercise.(5)Compared with COUP-TFⅠ, COUP-TFⅡgene expression to the adaptations to endurance exercise exactly the same, indicating that the effect of endurance exercise inhibition COUP-TFⅡgene expression may play an important role in the prevention and improvement of insulin resistance.