On Official Dingyou System Of Ming Dynasty

Official Dingyou system is the combination of Confucian Xiongfu funeral and the official management system. To the Ming dynasty, official Dingyou system is increasingly completed and has its distinctive characteristics of the Times. The Ming dynasty further strengthen its emperor power through some measures such as "BaXiang, Shechang Zhiwei" and "Liyue system from the emperor" is the basic guiding thought of "ritual melting in law".The civilian emperor Yuanzhang Zhu's personal experience makes the Ming dynasty law system deeply labeled the pragmatism mark. Therefore, efficiency and honesty is the the pursuiting goal of the official management system. Dingyou system reforms and develops in this context . Duoqing is the expediency against "DingYou" confucian lection generally and the application of Dingyou system in the Ming dynasty also has its own characteristics. The system as the starting point of the study and the foothold, is generalised into three parts, which respectively test the Dingyou ( Duoqing) system in the Ming dynasty :The first part is the study of the official DingYou system in the Ming dynasty. This part is demonstrated from four aspects that is the scope of mourning ,the limited time of obeying rules , the procedures of giving obituary notice and the prohibited behaviours of obeying rules .From the view of the procedure and the substance,we can grasp DingYou system in the Ming dynasty comprehensively. Compared with the fore dynasty, "the parents and grandparents burden DingYou",and its scope of Sangfu narrows;the strict procedures of Baosang strengthen the national DingYou official management, embodying the emphasis of administrative efficiency. The prohibited behaviours of Shouzhi reflect the basic characteristics of propriety combination.The second part is the study of the official system called Fuque Qifu in the Ming dynasty. This part, the author analyses the usage and meaning of Qifu within the scope of the official management system in the Ming dynasty , to conclude and demonstrate the two step: waiting for post after full service and reinstatement. Because DingYou is the natural interruption of the official post, "Tongping Duidiao" is the good mechanism which pays attention to the administrative efficiency and the enthusiasm of the official. On the meantime ,there are some exceptions that is reinstatement and promotion which mainly appear in cabinet ministers , sage officials and some officials who should possess the professional skills . The third part is the study of Duoqing system in the Ming dynasty. Duoqing is the special system of Dingjian ,which is the important part of Dingyou system broadly speaking. Duoqing is originated from confucian thought Jingquan which is a unity of principle and flexibility. Jinge Duoqing is a model of confucian anti-Jingquanism. In the Ming dynasty, in addition to Jinge Duoqing, some important officials and some professional officials also have cases of Duoqing. During the periods of Xuande,Zhengtong and Jingtai, the officials take advantage of Duoqing so prevalently that Youxie Duoqing and Yinyuan Duoqing, which some junior officials who love power greedily use them as the means of Duoqing. Although the Duoqing official take the post , has their salary, and is not different from other officials ,they are also constrained by the funeral ceremony. The habit "Qizhong system" and the taboo "Bucongji" reflect the thought "right in Jing, Jing in right".In a word, DingYou system emphasizes the administrative efficiency and makes efficiency as a priority to reform in the Ming dynasty. This is the most prominent feature of DingYou system in the Ming dynasty . Anti-Jingquanism of Duoqing is also used on the basis of the fixed reason. "Jingquan" thought is a kind of simple dialectical thinking method, which has its own vitality.