| In 1992, Yan'an Art Research stopped publication, which meant this magazine faced the dilemma of existence in such a society based on market. And it was the significant event that that the Yan'an literature would draw off the center of Chinese modern literature research. Just as Yan'an was located to the northwest of China far away from center, Yan'an literature kept silent in the subject of Chinese modern literature. In some senses, Yan'an was not only a place, but also a bearer of a episode of profound and hard history, also a unique symbol of specific historical period and of its culture. Nevertheless, writers inside of Yan'an confronted the huge transformation in society and culture. The transformation and its completion of their own were the typical cultural event worthy of researching. Standing on the diachronic perspective beyond the pure literature category, the article considered not only the context but the psychological transformation and existent situation of the writers, and many living souls thinking struggling painfully behind the simple or rousing words. The research topic was mainly of Yan'an period. However, it extended to May, 4th period and left-wing literature period in late 20s early 30s, as well as after nation's establishment(before 1965). The article was divided into three parts: The first was Stepping into Folk, which summarized the formation process of Folk during Yan'an period diachronically. The writers ran into Yan'an under spiritual despair, along with which Mao's art policy together effected the formation of Folk in the works of Yan'an writers under the great influence of left-wing literature in early 30s. In the process writers identifying with Folk and fusion of them, Folk showed its passion and magic(Zhao Shuli and Guo Xiaochuan), however, it had losing and perplexity(Ding Ling). After nation's establishment, cultural policy was succession of that of Yan'an period. And Folk became nothingness. Anyway, the political movement in rural area became the representation center, which the daily life and custom of rural area was reduced to the background. Under the pressure of ideology, being the symbol of corruption and .decline, metropolis lost its legitimacy of express, and so-called industry subject novels didn't use metropolis as subject for expression.Second was Writer's Organization. As the successor of new culture the Communist Party fought a vehement cultural war against Kuomintang Party which carried on restoring ancient ways culturally. It also resisted the Japanese invasion. Thus the reality of great problem from both inside and outside determined the practicability of cultural policy. The change of writers' identity experienced such a process: the civil identity and liberty in profession of writers during May 4th period offered them independent personality. But meantime they should make a living depending on literature market. In left-wing literature period, double identity of writer and revolutionary made them restricted by literature market. And in Yan'an period, through a series of cultural policy and the cultural organization Lu Xun Art Institute and under the potential influence of Wang Shiwei Affair, to be into the system became the prerequisite of writer's existence. After nation's establishment(before 1978), when Chinese Literature and Art Union and Writer's Association brought the writers into organizations, writers became literature worker. Therefrom a kind of new producing and circulating mode of literature works formed, and the requisite of political benefit turned into the impetus of literature creation. Writers fell into the crack of existence. The third was Yan'an writer's position in Chinese modernization and modernity pattern. Undoubtedly, Yan'an and its culture was an exploration for China toward her modernization mode. Also in this sense, Yan'an writers and their works owned the modernity significance. The large emergence of revolutionary and historical subjects, the molding of heroes, and the writing of folklores became Nation Fable as Fredric Jame... |
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