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Study On Input Hypothesis & Output Hypothesis

Posted on:2005-01-30Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:L LuanFull Text:PDF
GTID:2155360122499192Subject:Foreign Linguistics and Applied Linguistics
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Being the sweet home of human being's soul, language will be no longer lonely when it is expressed elaborately by word. This paper is a study on the relationship between language input and language output. As far as monitoring (also called input theory especially in the modern language teaching circle) is concerned, the most well-known theory in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) has been Krashen's Monitor Theory (or input theory). The theory has once enjoyed great popularity among language teaching circle and it also has been fiercely criticized by many scholars. Therefore the paper will be developed through the conflict and the combination between language input and language output.The writer begins this paper with the theoretical background of Krashen's Monitor Theory. What role input plays in language acquisition has always been a great concern for researchers. Krashen' theory mainly includes: (1) the acquisition-learning hypothesis, (2) the natural order hypothesis, (3) the monitor hypothesis, (4) The input hypothesis, (5) the affective filter hypothesis. The paper mainly talks about input hypothesis and output hypothesis.Then the writer's interpretation about the relationship between input hypothesis and output hypothesis is presented. In the second chapter the writer tries to divide the literature review into three parts. According to Krashen's input hypothesis, when appropriate, adequate and comprehensible input is presented, acquisition is natural and inevitable. Krashen also states that humans acquire language in only one way-by understanding messages, or by receiving 'comprehensible input'. The only role of output in second language acquisition is that of generating comprehensible input. However, this view was challenged by some observational studies which show the learners' interlanguage may be far from target-like ( language acquisition ) even if they are provided with a rich source of comprehensible input. Therefore, some researchers started toemphasize the important role of output in language acquisition. Swain (1985) proposes that comprehensible output is a necessary mechanism in language acquisition. Swain1 theory is not as sharp as Krashen's, and she states that the concept of comprehensible input may well be important for second language learning, but is insufficient to account for second language acquisition. Comprehensible output should be included in any second language acquisition theory to better account for the acquisition process. The relationship between comprehension and production seems to be the relationship between fire and water hard to be combined. The discrepancy surely exists, but people cannot deny the fact that there is concealed part under the superficial contrary which can get the combination of these two hypotheses. Therefore the thesis tentatively reaches the point that input precedes output and output supplements input.Comprehension and production will play the different role in the different stages of language acquisition development. Therefore in the third chapter, the writer roughly divided the language acquisition development into two parts (the discussion is presented especially in the angle of the oral English teaching), that is, language developing stage and language developed stage in which some related aspects are presented, such as, the goal of oral teaching, the role of teacher, the role of grammar at the language developing stage, and the role of communication, the role of low affective filter at the language developed stage.The writer assumes that in spite of its deficiency, Krashen's theory still enlightens the oral English teaching in China. Therefore, the writer tries to explore the implications of Krashen's theory for the oral teaching principles. After that the exploration is the final part in which some practical activities in oral English lesson are introduced. The writer assumes that the problems in oral English lesson are introduced. The writer assumes that the problem in oral English teaching may be solved or at lea...
Keywords/Search Tags:input, output
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