The Study To Time Semantic Category Of Modern Chinese Sentences

Major Linguistics and Applied Linguistics Undergraduate: Yuan Li -rong Supervisor: Deng Ying-shuTime is a way of the existence of the world. The time system is one of the central parts of the human language. The time stored in the language is the result that people recognize and generalize from objective time. It belongs to subjective world, and is an idea thing. And to the expression of objective time, different language each has a characteristic.Chinese reflects the meanings and forms of objective time too as one kind of the language of the world. Compared with other languages these meanings and forms in Chinese have things of generality, but there are things of the distinction either. Chinese reflects and expresses time at different levels and at the same time it forms one perfect and tight network to express time.In vocabulary, Chinese has abundant nouns and noun structure to demonstrate all kinds of time units. These nouns and noun structures can reveal the time background of happening incident and delimit the time coordinate happening incident. Because the nouns that demonstrate time are not the grammatical parts of speech, with semanteme these nouns can be summed up time point and time section category. Adverbial word can express movement, behavior and time size, interval of the happening incident too at semanteme, offer the relatively fuzzy time background, and on the other hand, in the grammar it has the function which can express movement and behavior and the time relations between incidents. Tense and aspect which have higher degrees ofgrammarliztion are more important time categories and one of the expressions of theirs is the time relation between incidents, another expression is incidents states in the procedure in time. They are more abstract grammar levels. So, the above-mentioned three respects can be generally speaking generalized three different categories: the time point and time section categories with concrete semanteme, the Adverbial word category with half concrete semanteme, the tense the aspect with abstract semanteme. This article has been done sorting out like this, and makes every effort to carry on detailed description from each aspect of three categories. While describing and researching the three parts, we think that the proportion of the tense and the aspect is bigger than the others, because their importance is self-evident. They have already broken away from concrete time and become a kind of abstract time.In addition, it will be inevitable to involve the categories of three different levels to express time in the sentence (incident), then how did they cooperate? What laws are there during that time? This article act as preliminary exploration to these, in addition in doubt sentence and prey sentence which including one of the incident time factors, we make a tentative analysis. It is a dangerous and reluctant thing to think the adverbial a category and it may cause refuting and censure, because most persons regard the adverbial words as only means instead of meaning, and therefore it is not the abstract classification of the meaning -Category. Adverbial is not merely time adverbial, and it also includes other adverbial words related to time. In addition, the category that we say is the semanteme category instead of the category of the grammar. Undoubtedly, adverbial is means, but means may become the meaning. It has a kind of dual character, no matter as the means, or regarded as the meaning, so we have reasons to regard it as a half abstract semanteme category. It has not a clear category name. Not much else, but it can't hinder us.