The Study Of Time Points And Time Sections In Guoyu

Guoyu is one of the earliest existing ancient books in China,and its rich forms of time expression have a far-reaching influence on the time expression of Chinese.This paper takes the time point and the time section as the research object,mainly from the four aspects of composition,syntactic function,grammatical meaning and pragmatic function to show the complete appearance of the time point and the time section in the Guoyu.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,there are four chapters in the main part.The introduction briefly introduces the research status of time point and time section in Chinese,discusses the theoretical value and practical value of taking Guoyu time point and time section expression forms as the object of study,and on this basis,expounds the research methods of combining synchronic and diachronic,quantitative and qualitative,description and analysis,which used in this paper.The first chapter summarizes the basic situation of the time point and the time section in Guoyu.The formation of the concept of the time point and the time section is closely related to the understanding and grasp of time by the ancients,thus forming a series of criteria for locating time and measuring time.The expression forms of time can be divided into time word and time structure.The total number of time words is122,of which 90 are time point words and 32 are time section words.The total number of time structures is 169,of which 123 are time-point structures and 46 are time-section structures.The second chapter discusses the expressions of time points in Guoyu.The expression forms of time point include time point words,time point structures.Time-point words mainly have absolute-time-point words,relative-time-point words.Time-point structures include partial formal time-point structures,subject-predicate time-point structures,and prepositional-object time-point structures.Time point forms are mainly used as subject,object,attribute and adverbial in the sentence.When it is a subject,it acts as a topic and an object.When it acts as an object,it plays a role in positioning.When it acts as an attribute,it limits the time position of the central wordafter it.When it acts as an adverbial,it indicates the point at which the event occurs,continues,and ends.The time point expression forms have pragmatic functions that indicate time information,govern the content of the chapter,and connect different topics.The third chapter describes the basic features of the expression of time section in Guoyu.The expression forms of time section mainly include time section words and time section structures.The time section words mainly have definite time section words and approximate time section words;the time section structures include quantitative time section structures,post-attached type of time section structures.The time section forms are always used as object,attribute,adverbial and complement in the sentence.When acting as an object,state the circumstances relating to time itself;when acting as an attributive,define the number of times of the central language.When acting as an adverbial,it limits the time range of the action;when it is a complement,it acts as a complement for a long period of time.The expression forms of time section also have the pragmatic function of emphasizing the central idea,subjective evaluation,and textual reference.The fourth chapter introduces the special time structures in Guoyu—time-point marking structure and time-section marking structures and time orientation structures.The time-point marker structures in Guoyu takes "shi" as time-point marker word,and time-section marker structures takes "jian" as time-section marker word.The structures of time orientation are mainly composed of "from + time start + time position word",which have the function of indicating time point concept,time section concept and indicating the direction of time extension.The concluding part summarizes the main contents of the first four chapters,and sums up the basic features of the time point and the time section expression forms of Guoyu.On the basis of studying the time point and time section of Guoyu,this paper attempts to contribute to the study of the time system of the Ancient Chinese monograph and the synchronic dating time system of the Ancient Chinese.