Stolypin's Agricultural Reform

Reform is the impetus in social development, and a potential society will develop with its reform impetus. During the early times of the 20th century, reform was necessary in Russia because of various malpractices. Under the circumstances, the Czar government did a kind of reform—stolypin's reform, which had great impact on Russian recent history. Therefore, it is worth studying this subject. The idea of this reform didn't appear all at once, but through a long time. Before reforming, there have been programs in solving village and emigrants. In 1872, Czar Government founded a committee, which mainly studied the agricultural condition and productivity in the village. This committal collected a lot of material and pointed out several transitional performs. In 1891, peasant's living condition became worse of the famine. Therefore, the government again carried out two laws concurring peasant villages. During this period, all the laws aimed at protecting the land or restricting the contract of the land. The emigrant problem is also under consideration in the law. The laws in the past have outdated, because it ever contained various complex procedure allowing emigrant acquisition, but it was not proper for the new time. In 1896, the new committee on emigrants carried out several performs which are reused in the reform in 1906 and play a basis on the reform. In the process of this development of reform idea, Cork, Krivosine and Stolypin play an important role. In 1902, Cork wrote down many articles on reform and put forward several constructive reforming ideas, and also he helped his officials to study the division of the land abroad. Krivosine wrote the manuscript about emigrant problem and modification of agricultural law, especially on the report of land planning. He has been praised by the heir of the throne—Nikolai Alexandreviki. Among these three cabinet ministers, Stoliypin played the most important role. In 1906,NicholasⅡsigned a reforming law, which regulated each plot-land owner of was allowed to occupy their land as their private fortune, so that it can break up the village and foster the small private producer as their ruling basis. However, the reform didn't break up the village, and the small private producers also didn't form a group. To the Russian peasants, the village is their world. They must be separated from the world if they were divorced from the village, because they only can ask for help in their village. If they break the law in the village, they will be laughed at by others or even thrown out by the village. Although the reform didn't break up the village thoroughly, it brought certain changes in the village life. The village organization has been occupied by the younger generation, because they have more opportunity to contact with social information and their idea was not confined by the tradition. The emigrant is also important in Stolypin's reform. Either transportation condition or the arrangements for their residence have been more improved then before. The specific train, service institute, simple domicile, agricultural technology and loan are provided for the emigrants, which help them greatly in the development of the agriculture. But this measure also has its defect: the Czar government only wanted to send the peasants to the remote areas, regardless of the volume of the area, and the climate in the Easter area was so bad that a lot of emigrants can't find their domicile and have to come back.