Effects Of Cognitive Style And Intrinsic And Extrinsic Cues On Ability Of Metamemory Monitoring And Control

Metamemory is one of the important form of metacognition, it's the system of faith andmonitoring and control in individuals related to their memory activity, include theunderstanding and evaluation for the content and function of memory system. Themetamemory ability of individual is memoriers' evaluation ability to their memory state andtheir ability of monitoring and control to their memory activity which based their evaluation,namely, include the ability of metamemory monitoring and metamemory control.About the research of metamemory monitoring and control,the most typical researchmethod is the RJR paradigm created by Hart, namely Learning-Recall-Recognization. Theessential idea of it is making correlation of metamemory monitoring and objective level, thedegree of the correlation indicate the veracity of the monitoring. This paradigm is high inmaneuverability and permit a comparison between metamemory and ratings and subsequentstudy times,so it's widely used in many researches. But Cull and Zechmeister said ,thisparadigm have the disadvantage that metamemory judgments and study are separated in time.So, they improved this RJR paradigm in 1994. In their experiment, they also use self-pacedlearning task, but the study consists of multiple presentation, study trials represent not onlylearning allocation (metamemory monitoring),but also the degree of learning evaluation(metamemory control).So that the metamemory monitoring and control are connected.In the recent thirty years ,the research about metamemory monitoring and control isfocused. It discusses individuals' monitoring and control about themselves, and can providetheoretical and methodological base for intellect education about teen-age people. Searchingthe related researches in national and foreign countries, they indicated that task-variable(suchas: the length of learning material, the character of learning material, learning degree, processdepth et al), individual-variable(such as: age, knowledge, motion, motivation, intelligence etal) and strategy-variable(such as: strategy help, learning guidance et al) all affectmetamemory judgments. The field dependence-independence (FID) is an importantindividual-variable, and it's a bridge that connect cognition and personality. There isimportant signification to explore the effect on the metamemory monitoring and control bythe FID. There has not been any study on the correlation between cognitive style andmtamemory monitoring and control.The field depedence-independence (FID) is an important cognitive style, it reflects theindividual difference in terms of the autonomy of external or internal referent. It ishypothesized that field-dependence (FD) individuals rely more on external frames ofreference, while field-independence (FI) individuals rely more on internal frames of reference.From the recent studies concerned with FDI, researchers argue that FI individuals develop themeta-cognitive skills more early and more efficiently than FD individuals, especially theattention monitor, cognitive restructure, etc. At the same time, the ability of metamemorymonitoring and control is one of the important aspect in meta-cognitive skills, so the FDImight affect the performance of the ability of metamemory monitoring and control.Some research found that cue type is an important variable which made effecton metamemory veracity. Intrinsic and Extrinsic cue may be different in makingeffect on metamemory, even they are both Extrinsic cues, maybe they are differentfor different type or experimental design.In Cull andZechmeister(1994),Subjects made JOL in multiple presentation, and improved thesignificant effect of intrinsic cue, and they found presentation type and thetime of delay both made effect on metamemory and recall in some degree.The present research studied the effect of FDI, intrinsic and extrinsic cues on metamemorymonitoring and control and recall performance. Following Cull and Zechmeister's researchparadigm , with multiple presentation , So that the metamemory monitoring and control areconnected. The research includes two experiments .Experiment 1 focused on the effect ofFDI , word-pair relatedness and test condition on metamemory;Experiment 2 focused on theeffect of FDI ,word pair relatedness and judgment time. They are both mixed three factorialdesign, and cognitive style is the between-subjects variable and the other factors are allwithin-subjects variables.The results indicated: (1) there is significant effect on metamemory and recall performanceby word pair relatedness, an intrinsic cue. (2) different extrinsic cues make different effect onmetamemory and recall performance. (3) the effect on metamemory by cognitive style ischanged with the extrinsic cues that they conventionally used .This finding have important implications for theory research and practical appliance. Intheory, they widen the field of metamemory and cognitive style research. In practice, they canhelp people improve their level of metamemory monitoring and control.