Discussion Of Public Health Building Of Wuhan In Transitional Period (1927-1937)

1927-1937 witnessed the successful national construction of the Republic of China. "It is during that ten years that Wuhan took its first step to set up its public health system of real significance", As the only land-locked one of the four great cities during the period of the Republic of China, Wuhan achieved a lot in every field of the construction. This thesis has studied a number of historical files and related documents in order to present an overall and objective description and trace the development of the public health system in the above ten years.Wuhan took advantage of its riverside location and made itself a shipping center along the Yangtze River.The transition of numerous material resources and labor resource brought Wuhan the commodities around the country and promoted the communication between cities. Along with the opening of Hankou as a trade market to abroad and Zhang Zhidong's charge of Hubei Province, the economic components of Wuhan in modern history increased and a lot of factories appeared.Meanwhile,a large number of the rural population rushed into Wuhan. The economic condition in the rural areas kept deteriorating under the exploitation of the imperialism and feudalism, which helped the communication of the urban and the rural, home and abroad. However, inevitably,the rural population also brought Wuhan all kinds of diseases. Geographically, Wuhan is located in the water-belt of the Jianghan Plain, which means the city is easy to be hit by diseases. Therefore, the public health system was faced with a serious problem.The whole country was politically stable after the foundation of the Nanjing government of the Republic of China. In this situation, China began its modern construction. The government came to turn to the basic public health field and become the main force instead of the folk force. According to the plan made by the well-educated officials, the government of Wuhan began to set up modern public health administration and execution bodies, and took its step to make it legalized. Meanwhile, the folk force was motivated to act in the construction of the system. Thus, there were several masshealth movements. From then on, the public health bureau of Wuhan set out to collect the statistical facts of the public health.Public health system is one focus of the modernized governmental administration, and it is co-related with economy, culture and the society. Although the achievement of this field in 1927-1937 was beyond the past, it was still inproportion to the big city with a population of over several hundred thousand. There were still a lot of flaws. The minor population of the upper class almost occupied the health resources while the major population of workers and fanners couldn't have their share of these resources. The publicity and justness was totally obliterated. The reason analyzed by the author are the contradiction between the limited resources and the large population, and the responsiblity shouldered by the government, the policies made by it and the modernity of the government.The history of the present is the continuation of the past. A case study of the public health system in 1927-1937 can to some extent wholly reflect the history of the construction of the system. Both the achievements and the flaws during the ten years can be served as a mirror to the present reform of the public health system.