Research On New Generations Of Shandong Intellectuals In Modern Times (1900-1937)

Following social reforming and education reform in Shandong, the Shandong intellectuals sped up the step to modern reforming. As the modern Shandong society crisis catalysis, Shandong had produced large quantities of new intellectuals. The origin of Shandong intellectuals in modern times includes: gentleman having the traditional academic honor accept the modern education, modern school graduate, foreign student, missionary school student. They produced in the end of the Qing, developed at the beginning of Min, strengthed in the 20's or 30's of 20th century, displayed its social value fully.The quantity of Shandong intellectuals in modern times was not fixed. The population changed as the concomitance education developed. The population proportion of Shandong intellectuals at the end of the Qing was 0.03%, in 1917 it achieved 0.12%, and inflated unceasingly hereafter, so cause the social structure changed. The occupation distribution of modern intellectuals multiplies day by day, and the population in education domain are most, the political and military circles next, the business circles thirdly, news,transportation and association least. On the region distribution, the talented person in the east coast Shandong and the city of rubberring the rail line are abundant, in the northwest next, in the south and southwest least. In addition, Shandong intellectuals in modern times ofen take city as life base and active space, but few in the village, so the distribution between city and countryside is very non-uniform.The Shandong intellectuals in modern times have the intensely sense of politics participation. They initiated and impelled political transformation in Shandong. In the campaign of building up constitution, they were the main force. They also played important part in the 1911 Revolution and in the New Democratic Revolution movement. At the same time, the Shandong intellectuals in modern times also have the strong patriotic mood. They started and led many patriotic movements,and waged the unyielding struggle to defend Shandong's democracy and republican. Intellectuals entering the Shandong government, devoted to the society's management and construction work, had made very big contribution for the Shandong society's development. Regardless of engaging in the revolutionary activities, or carring on the direct political participation and construction, the intellectuals all enormously promoted Shandong's political reforming and the social progress, sped up the Shandong politics modernization advancement. The Shandong intellectuals were the force in Shandong economy development. They strived for the economic rights, promotived the development of national capital economic. At the same time, they also raised the upsurge of"save the nation in industry", and carried on the economical practice directly, sped up the Shandong economics modernization advancement. As the main body of cultural, intellectuals also impelled the modern culture's develepment, social custom vicissitude and the ideological liberation in Shandong. In addition, the intellectuals also promoted the contribution of education and news-publication in Shandong. The Shandong intellectuals in modern times widely seeped to society's each domain, promoted the modernization in Shandong.The unique politics, history and cultural context in Shandong accomplished the Shandong intellectuals remarkable characteristic. Shandong intellectuals in modern times had new knowledge structure and life idea, they formed new interpersonal relationship which different from the traditional gentleman. The introduction of kinds of ideological trend theory in western, caused the Shandong intellectuals' belief to multiply. But compared with other coastal province, Shandong intellectuals in modern times displayed conservatively prudent.