| Transportation hub,political status and economic center are often used as the criteria to determine the geographical scope of regional education history.Shandong Canal Area is a public area connected by canals,which has broken through the limitations of geography,politics,economy and other factors and shows the characteristics of dynamic distribution and hierarchical radiation.Due to the large number of cities through which the canal flows,and the different traditions of the old schools in different places,there are some differences in the development of school education.However,at the same time of heterogeneity,after the accumulation of Ming and Qing dynasties,the canal formed a stable and continuous inheritance of cultural characteristics in the canal area,which ensured the stability of the society and the homogeneity of cultural and educational activities in the canal area.Therefore,the early modernization of school education in the canal area of Shandong mainly includes the modernization of educational system,educational content,educational method and educational trend of thought.In the process of the early modernization of school education in the canal area of Shandong,school education has undergone a historical change,from the decline of traditional education to the development of new education to the historical change of early modernization of education.This paper is divided into five chapters,based on the existing historical data,showing the historical process of the early modernization of school education in the canal area of Shandong.First of all,the period is a retrospection of traditional education in Qing dynasty.Before the Opium War in 1840,the early modernization of education in the canal area of Shandong started relatively late,and feudal education was still dominant in Shandong.Traditional prefectural and county schools and academies were the content of official school education during this period,while private schools and free schools were the forms of private education.Liaocheng District and Jining District have outstanding official education.Songlin Academy and Luo Yuan academy are well-known academies.Wuxun Free School has a large scale of education.The traditional education in the canal area of Shandong province was complicated,and the tradition of running schools gradually continued until the early years of the Republic of China.The traditional old-style education under the imperial examination system gradually became an obstacle to the early modernization.The period1840-1900 was the beginning of early education.After 1840,traditional education began to transform to new education.At that time,the Qing government learned from western implements,military affairs and culture,and carried out the Westernization Movement with the slogans of "seeking wealth" and "self-improvement".In education,it mainly established Westernization School and developed the western military industry.Missionaries came to China to build missionary schools and spread western scientific knowledge.Shandong canal area office has Yi county coal mine factory,Shandong machinery manufacturing bureau to develop Westernization industry,held in Shandong Weihai Marine School to cultivate talents,and these activities promoted the transformation of the early modernization of school education.1900-1911 was the reform period of early modernization of school education.The reform of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty was a major adjustment and reform in the fields of politics,economy and education.Especially with the abolition of the imperial examination system,Shandong's new education in the late Qing Dynasty had an impact on the old education.During the New Deal period of the late Qing Dynasty,the education administrative institutions from the central to the local areas were constantly improved,and the higher education reform was formed by the establishment of Shandong Legal and Political School,Shandong Agricultural Higher Special School,Shandong University,Shandong Christian University,etc.At the same time,the normal education at all levels,such as the normal workshop,primary normal school and excellent normal school,developed into the normal education system,which brought new opportunities for the cultural cause in the late Qing Dynasty,and made full progress in the early modernization of Shandong school education.The early modernization level of Shandong canal area is consistent with that of the whole country.Jinan,Dezhou and other places have significantly improved the level of school education development,bringing about regional cultural and educational changes.The period 1911-1926 was the institutionalized period of early modernization.In the early period of the Republic of China,the democratic republican political system was developed.The education system of Ren-Zi Gui-Chou school system and the 1922 new school system were successively promulgated,and the early modernization of Shandong became institutionalized.The education in Shandong canal zaone has undergone a historic change.The establishment of several provincial normal schools and a few specialized higher education institutions in Shandong has greatly enriched the content of early modern school education.A group of educationists such as Wang Zhuchen and Fan Mingshu promoted the education reform in Shandong province,and promoted the early modernization of secondary education and higher vocational education in Shandong.At the same time,the early modernization of school education was carried out in Jinan which under Marxist educational trend of thought.Finally,the article has made the reflection to the Shandong canal area school education modernization.The hinterland of Shandong Canal has distinctive regional culture,and the moral education of traditional Confucianism always accompanies the early modernization of school education.Grand canal,enrich the culture of the region Jining,Dezhou,Liaocheng along the canal profound Confucianism tradition,these factors have helped the canal area school in the early education modernization,and ensure the inheritance of the ancient Chinese traditional education,construction of education for our confidence,achieving cultural self-confidence provides historical experience. |
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