The Cognitive Analysis Of The Expression Categories Of The Changed Structure Of The Separable Words And Expressions In Modern Chinese

Separable words and expressions in Modern Chinese refer to the term which can be used wholly and separately; here mainly refer to words and fixed-phrases. This paper basically thought that the words can be divided into separable words and non-separable words, the fixed-phrases can be divided into separable fixed-phrases and non-separable fixed-phrases.The words are used separately under what circumstances and are used wholly under what circumstances, which is closely related to the expressed meaning by semantics. Based on the analysis of semantic differences between the changed style and the original style, we try to find the law governing the separately use and wholly use of the separable words and expressions. In contrast, the governing law of the fixed-phrases is much easier, while the separable words show a different law because of the different relationship among the morphemes----that is S-P style, V-O style, V-P style and union style. By comparing the different structures, in order to find the separable necessity of the separable words and expressions, and find the cognitive division of the semantic differences.From the perspective of cognitive theories, the separable use of the separable words is affected by the cognitive factors in the expressing progress, also be due to the impact from the space motivity, which will produce different styles in the form we call changed styles. Based on the theory of the cognitive linguistics, the different changed style of the separable words and expressions can be made to be corresponding to the areas under category. Specifically, the category is mainly based on the classification made by Lu Shuxiang (1956).Changed structures of the separable words are broadly categorized as eight different areas of expression. They were used to mark the number category, the definite designation category, the non-definite designation category, the azimuth category, the timing category, the positive and negative category, the certitude category, the question category and so on. It is the correspondence between the changed structures and the different category that makes these different structures change, and makes it always marked by a certain word to the same category to meet the various needs of cognition. This can be regarded as a constraint factor of the separable words and expressions.For the changed structures of the separable words which could not be classified into eight category areas, such as special prepositive object changed structure. We discuss it through cognitive linguistics for the independence and focus of the action.