The Research On The Image Of "Husband And Wife Having Dinners" In Tombs In Song Liao Jin And Yuan Dynasty

The image of "Husband and Wife having dinners" in tombs in Song Liao Jin and Yuan Dynasty was the decorative image which is very popular. It was mainly used in the performance of the concord and love of couples who had been buried, and it reflected pepole's ideal mode of family and orthodox morality.The image of "Husband and Wife having dinners" contained two scenes: one was the image of "Husband and Wife directing to each other and kissing the cup", the other was the image of "playing music and dancing". The basic menu of the preceding one contained some elements: a man and a womaniwas sitting on the chairs which were put on the both sides of a quadrate desk, face to face; dishware, foodstuff and flowers were placed on the desk.. Commonly, a male servant and a female servant were standing behind the two masters. Sometimes, only one servant appeared in the menu. In especial instances, servants appeared on the two sides of the main room of a house, delivering drink and food; dinner was placed in the main room of a house. So, decoration such as curtain, lamp and screen which symbolize the inner of a chamber may appear in the menu. The latter had two forms: one was San music, and the other was Zha drama. Of course, the image of "Husband and Wife directing to each other and kissing the cup" which iwas the predigested form substituted the whole image of "Husband and Wife having dinners" came into being after it had matured. The image of "playing music and dancing" was often omitted. And this form was the main form, at all the time. The image of "Husband and Wife directing to each other and kissing the cup" also had the form in which the images of the couple who were buried did not appear on purpose. This form prevailed expressly in the later period of Liao Dynasty.The image of "Husband and Wife having dinners" only appeared in the tombs in the Central Plains and the North of China. We could divide the Central Plains and the North of China into five areas: the area of the North of He-nan province, the area of the South of Shan-xi province, the area of the North of Shan-xi province, He-bei province and Nei-menggu province, the area of the North of Shan-dong province, and the area of Shan-xi province, Gan-su province and the seacoast of Wei River in Ning-xia province. The image of "Husband and Wife having dinners" in different areas had different features. Especially, the image in the preceding two areas was the most representative and beautiful. The time of the five areas was also different. The time in the area of the North of He-nan province fastened on the period from the metaphase of Northern-Song Dynasty to the end of Northern-Song Dynasty. The time in the area of the South of Shan-xi province fastened on the period from the end of Northern-Song Dynasty to Jin Dynasty. The time in the third area was the end of Liao Dynasty, the end of Northern-Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. The time in the forth area fastens on Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. The time of the last area fastenwd on the end of Northern-Song Dynasty and Mongolia era.We could also divide the time into three historical periods: Developing period—from the Metaphase of Northern-Song Dynasty to the end of Northern-Song Dynasty and the beginning of Jin Dynasty; Grown period—from the metaphase of Jin Dynasty to the end of Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty; Declining period—from the metaphase of Yuan Dynasty to the end of Yuan Dynasty.According to it, we could find the track of development of this image. It came into being in the beginning of Northern-song Dynasty when the systems of polity and economy, ideology and civilization were transformed essentially. The influence of the old and well-known family was quite demolished. The restrict of old ceremony which represented people's grades waned. The common people may decorate their tombs without restraint by right of their fortune. The development of the Commodity Economy made citizen estate and civil culture come to being, All the decoration of the common people's tombs was the exhibition of family life and entertainment life. Morality which was sparked plug by Li-study became the legitimacy of people's thinking. The Family and couple's harmony was the ideal mode of a fireside. The image of "Husband and Wife having dinners" was one of the pictures which incarnated harmony, best of all. At the same time, one hand, the "brick-carving and mural-painting" coping wooden building that had flourished since the end of Tang Dynasty needed images reflecting family life to build the inner of tombs as living house. On the other hand, it also provided the image of "Husband and Wife having dinners" with the technical guarantee. In the function of many reasons, the image came to being,After this, the image diffused northward, eastward and westward. It was accepted by Qi-dan people and Nv-zhen People, which gave birth to pictures having minority features. Along with Mongol crasheing into the Central Plains of China and destroying traditional civilization of the Han nationality, the convention of burial was also influenced by Mongolia. Tombs had never paid attention to decoration. Go with the comedown of the "brick-carving and mural-painting" coping wooden building, the image of "Husband and Wife having dinners" also went to its end...