Adjective Antonym Disproportionality Research Based On Teaching Chinese As A Foreign Language

In the glossary system, the proportion which the antonym occupies is not big, but in the language development and the application, the antonym function is noticeable. Looked from the word structure that many compound words, the idiom are constitute by the antonym element; Looking from the word utilization, the antonym appropriate utilization can strengthen the expressive force of language.But Chinese antonym study is a very glossary study difficulty of non-mother tongue Chinese learners. Because the constitution form and the semantics of antonym have the multiplicity, and in aspects of correspondence of words and expressions, morpheme, righteousness and so on there is also the disproportionality, this brings Chinese learners the difficulty in study.In Chinese glossary, the proportion of adjective antonym which occupies in the antonym is biggest. Therefore this article tries hard from the teaching Chinese as a foreign language angle, and makes a multi-stratification planes perspective of the equalization and non- equalization characteristic of the adjective antonym's content and the form, summarizing the regularity which some may describe, and resulting in the situation by this discussion of Chinese learner antonym's custom, in order to provide the beneficial reference to the foreign Chinese glossary teaching and uses for reference, helping Chinese learner to practice well with the utilization Chinese glossary, simultaneously to also propose the reference the suggestion to the "Chinese Proficiency Test Program" revision and the foreign Chinese teaching material's compilation.This article has mainly done three aspect research: first, carrying on a quantification statistics of adjective antonym quantity, the rank distribution, the corresponding relationships and so on by using "Chinese Proficiency Test Program" (glossary program) the Jia, Yi, Bing, and Ding four rank adjectives as the object of study, and using statistics tool as well. Second, result the statistical mother tongue for Chinese use positive and negative to the adjective proportion by selecting the partial antonyms in "Chinese Proficiency Test Program", and using modern Chinese corpus. Third, design a Chinese learner's questionnaire, through the survey result's analysis of which, inform the appraisal Chinese learner results in the condition to the adjective antonym equalization and the negative adjective's adaptation and the custom, discovering the weak points.The research draws the following conclusion:The adjective antonym of "Chinese Proficiency Test Program" (glossary program) has the disproportionality in aspects of rank distribution, corresponding relationships, morpheme correspondence, and significance scope and so on.When mother tongue for Chinese use adjective antonym, the positive adjective's frequency of use must be higher than the negative adjective obviously, and the positive adjective denial's-like frequency of use must be higher than the negative adjective denial-like greatly; The adjective denial-like, looked from the significance which expresses in the sentence that majority of them may use their antonym's affirmation-like to replace; In denial's-like adjective having "may the replace ability", the frequency of dominance may replace must be higher than recessiveness to be possible to replace.The subject matters exist when non-mother tongue Chinese learners grasp positive and negative adjective include: aspects like the denial-like cannot take the antonym regarding the antonym constitution condition and color significance's uniformity and so on, did not have the explicit understanding; have insufficient regarding the adjective antonym morpheme correspondence's disproportionality understanding, piecing together the antonym through the inference antonym elements; The negative adjective's frequency of use is high, will use directly, even in some situation that must use unmarked also misuse to the adjective; In the antonym correspondence formally, Chinese learner not too rigidly adheres in the words and expressions structure symmetry.Based on the above findings, this article proposed in view of the non-mother tongue learner's Chinese antonym teaching strategy. Mainly include: May increase in all levels of "Chinese Proficiency Test Program" glossaries antonym labeling, an equivocal adjective various righteousness labeling as well as positive and negative to adjective mark labeling; Should pay great attention to the antonym consciously when compiling the teaching material, and the new word explanation introduces the antonym synchronization to demonstrate as well as to pay great attention to many kinds of forms the antonym practice designs. Advocates the adjective antonym doubling teaching in the glossary teaching strategy aspect; Pays great attention to positive and negative adjective and the denial-like contrast explanation; Seeps the color rhetoric and the related grammar aspect explanation in the teaching; Grasps the antonym element correspondence both the promotion teaching and to have certain misleading function the dual character; The suggestion carries on the equivocal glossary antonym teaching with the graph way.