On Our Rural Human Resources Exploitation

Manpower, as a kind of important and special resource, is one essential factor of production activity; is the source of social wealth. With the increasing function of knowledge, technology etc in the economic growth, the consciousness is wakened on human resources particularly on human capital. Since the eighties of the 20th century, high-tech revolution rises, and it stimulates the tiring modern economy. In the contemporary society, human resources become the most important resource to make the economy improving and society developing. China has the maximal population in the world, population superiority that ever to be regarded as pride, has become the burden and pressure of economic development. Although our rural human resources occupy the superiority on quantity, its quality situation permits no optimism. Developing human resources especially the rural human resources and transforming the heavy population burden to the superiority of the rich human resources are important strategic measure of promoting our rural economic development. The thesis consists of four parts:The first part, the present situation of our rural human resources exploitation. First, I give a general analysis on the concept of human resources. Human resources have the difference of broad sense and narrow sense: the broad sense refers to the totality of the existing and producing labor ability, that is the direct and indirect mobilization, exploitation and utilization, and the labor ability can be used to engage and finish various social practical activities; the narrow sense refers to the labor population that is forming in the abnormal social life and can engage the simple labor. The fundamental feature of human resources can be expressed as: creature trait, sociality trait, subjectivity trait, reproduction trait, individual and actual effect trait, colony trait and capital trait. At the same time, I define several relative concept of human resources, analyze the relation of human resources and labor force resources, the resources of human talents, human capital. Second, I introduce the present situation of our rural human resources exploitation. The exploitation of our rural human resources lags, the main problems as following: the coexistence of the human resources' shortage and wasting, the coexistence of the human resources' large amount but low quality, the poor management, unbalance structure and low physical quality of human resources. Rural human resources situation has become the choke point of our rural economic growth. Finally, I analyze the reasons that lead to the present situation of our rural human resources. The present situation is the result of the interaction of history, culture, and economy especially state system. Long- period mistaken population policy directly results in the a great amount of rural labor forces; the low income is the root reason that restrict human resources exploitation; great amount but low quality of rural human resources stem from the insufficient education investment; medical health work investment's extraordinary shortage, make the physical quality of the rural human resources low, laggard countryside productivity make countryside people low quality but high participation, and cause the rural family and the individual are not active on the investment of human resources exploitation.The second part, the theory support on human resources exploitation. I search the theory support of our rural human resources mainly from three aspects. First, Marx's human resources ideology. The Marxism economic theory is our country socialist market economic theory's and the practice's basis. The idea of Marx on human resources can be found in his labor doctrine. From the researching contents of Marxism political economics, we can get that human and human's labor is its nucleus. Marx's theory of labor creates wealth, division of simple labor and complex labor, labor force value and wages, distribution on the basis of labor according to work and labor force resources' change trend i...