| By using mathematical statistics, conducting literature review and observing the movie clips of the volleyball matches, this paper adopts Set Pair Analysis theory to analyze the performance of the Chinese team in the women volleyball matches in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, and makes an identical-different-opposite analysis and correlation analysis of the performance of the better teams from China, Russia, Cuba, Brazil, USA, and Italy from the perspectives of spike, block and first defense. The results indicate that the Chinese team performs well in different types of spike, especially in first defense. Spike in the fourth place ranks second among the first six teams in terms of definite factors, but is still with some problems in terms of indefinite factors. The overall performance of the spike in the third place is comparatively not good. The spike in the second place is always the main scoring place for the Chinese team, which represents the spiking strength of the team. However, rear spike is traditionally the weak point of the Chinese team. As indicated in the results, all the data for different items rank fourth among the first six teams. This shows that rear spike has made progress on the one hand and there is still room for improvement on the other hand, and that block is still in its inferior position while it is being improved. Both Set Pair Analysis and correlation analysis justify the importance of taking full advantage of indefinite grey-area factors in the course of a match. Suggestions are made on how to cope with other good teams and how to improve the overall quality of the whole team. The Chinese women volleyball team should not only take advantage of indefinite factors, but also pay close attention to the fierce spiking from European big players and the attack over the net from the Cuban team and the USA team. A better understanding of the two sides leads to better results in a match.
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