The Mechanical Analysis On The Step's Take-off Technique Of The Elite Female Triple-jumpers In 10～(th) National Games

Giving a trial jump in step is the intermediate link of triple jump, which is not only the continuation to the result of giving a trial jump in skip, but also paves the way for giving a trial jump in jump. Therefore, the role of giving a trial jump in step is utmost important , and researching the trial technology of giving a trial jump in step also plays a decisive role in improving the achievement of triple jump. Thus this research selects the former 8 women triple jumpers in finals of 10^th national games ,which was held in Nanjing in October, 2005, as the object of study; gives kinesiology parameters a qualitative and quantitative analysis, those parameters are taken from the process of giving a trial jump in step of elite women triple jumpers in our country, by using documentation research, investigation and visit, film shouting, image analytics and the statistic mathematics and physics; and probes into kinesiology features in the process of giving a trial jump in step. The aims are to make a teaching and training breakthrough in triple jump technology and to offer reference for realizing the best combination in the take-off period of triple jump. The research shows:1. Comparing with world-class elite women triple jumpers, the athletes in our country have the lower stature and lighter weight feature in the index of body physique. Moreover, striking difference exists among them (p<0.05, p<0.05); Quitelet' s index is lower and also has striking difference (p<0.01), which reflects the insufficient in the most power quality training of our women athletes.2. The average age feature of the former 8women triple jumpers in the 10^th national games is fundamentally suit, but the distribution of age period is irrational. That is, the proportion of senior athletes is large (37.5%), and they occupies important positions; the proportion of proportion is little (37.5%), which shows hard-core power is insufficient; And the proportion of junior athletes is too little (25%), which shows reserve power is apparently insufficient; Exploiting the talents of elite women triple jumpers continuously, and paying more attention to cultivate brains are major means to improve the irrationality in age distribution and to improve the achievements of triple jump.3. Comparing with the former 8 women athletes in world championship, the distance of giving a trial jump in step of women athletes in our country is small and has a striking difference (p<0.05). The proportion of distance in step has no striking difference (p>0.05). The horizontal and the vertical speed in trial step is lower and has striking difference (p<0.05, p<0.05). The rate of loss in horizontal speed has no striking difference (p>0.05).4. If the muscle type of athletes and the take-off technology adopted are different, the angles of take-off and leaping should well matched with the muscle type and specialized nature of individual athlete, and this angle can also get effective take-off. Therefore, fixed theory model should not be adopted in training process. But in terms of the present is relatively little, the main reason is that the supporting ability of supporting legs and giving back ability of muscle is relatively weak.5. Comparing with world-class elite athletes, our women athletes in 10th national games step, the angles contained by the thighs is too big when landing, whereas too small when leaving. What's more, the difference is striking. When they jump from the land, supporting legs have appropriate phenomena of bending bow and kicking and extending legs; and swinging rate of swinging legs is too low, which affects the quick scissors of supporting legs and swinging legs, therefore, the horizontal speed is decreased. In the coming training, positive "pawing movement" more of take-off legs ,the quickly kicking and extending ability of supporting legs, and ability of controlling the swinging opportunity of swinging legs should be strengthened and the speed and scope of swinging legs should be enlarged. Therefore, swinging guides and promotes kicking can be formed.6. The force quality training of loin and belly muscle and hip joint muscles should be strengthened. And in training, the focus should be placed on all kinds of jumps, especially the balance ability of body in multi-step jump should be placed on the landing opportunity, position of feet, and should be placed on strengthening the supporting ability. Hence, the body's balance ability can be gained when jumping again, and the landing mores can be finished smoothly. The awareness of strongest force training should be increased and based, and the focuses should be placed on the quick force training, Combining the power exercise and jump exercise, and realizing the fuse of burden and means of exercises can form power quality, which is beneficial to specialized developme.