Study On The Relationship Between Intake And Depression Of Adult Vegetables And Fruits

Aim: The relation of vegetable and fruit intake and depression is not clear. The present study examined the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and depression.Methods: For total vegetable and fruit intake, cross-sectional data were collected from 10,327 adults(50.6% women, aged 18 years or older) who participated in 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. For the classified vegetable and fruit, 2,612 adults(54.1% women, aged 18 years or older) who participated in 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Logistic regression model was performed to estimate odds ratio(OR) with 95% confidence intervals(CIs). A metaanalysis was conducted using fixed or random-effects model to calculate pooled ORs with 95% CI.Results: In our cross-sectional study, compared with the never intake respondents(referent), the multivariate OR(95% CI) of depression was 0.69( 0.50, 0.95) for vegetable and 0.39(0.22, 0,68) for fruit. For the classified vegetable and fruit, significantly inverse associations were found between broccoli, cauliflower, summer squash and apple and the risk of depression, and the pooled ORs(95% CIs) were 0.68(0.50, 0.92), 0.74(0.59, 0.93), 0.76(0.62, 0.97) and 0.62(0.43, 0.89),respectively. For the meta analysis, ten studies involving 227, 852 participants for fruit intake and eight studies involving 218, 699 participants for vegetable intake were finally included in this study. The combined OR(95% CI) of depression for the highest versus lowest category of vegetable and fruit intake was 0.88(0.81, 0.95; I2=14.1%) and 0.86(0.81, 0.91; I2=48.2%), respectively. The findings still remained significant [0.88(0.79,0.96)for vegetable,0.83(0.77,0.91)for fruit] in the cohort studies.Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated that vegetable and fruit consumption could reduce the risk of depression, respectively. For the classified vegetable and fruit, the broccoli, cauliflower, summer squash and apple intake might be separately associated with decreased risk of depression.