The Study Of The Evolution Of The Four Novels In Modern Dialects

The initials "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun"(Xia),"Yi"(以)are four completely independent initials in qie yun system, which are concluded as [0],[n],[y],[j]by most scholars. After the14th century,"Ying","Yi"(疑) and "Yu"("Yun","Yi"(以)) have been merged in the northern Chinese dialect, and further evolved into the zero initial in modern Mandarin. As to in modern Chinese dialects, the words of "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以) haven’t developed into zero initial uniformly. This paper aims to explore the development of their pronunciation in modern Chinese dialects, and the similarities and differences of the regular pattern during the changing terms.This paper involved203dialect points, and140words of "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以). By the comparison and analysis, we found that the evolution of "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以). showed strong difference between the north and the south in modern Chinese dialect speech:In northern dialect,"Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以) are tending to merge, which can be subdivided into eight types. In southern dialects, their evolution is more complex, and they can be roughly divided into3types. Details are as following:1. In northern dialect,"Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以) are characterized by tending to merge, which can be divided into the following eight types according to the pronunciation differences:Beijing type:the words of "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以)are completely confluent, and their initials read as [0].Shenyang type:"Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以)are read as [0] before KaiKouHu, JiChiHu, CuoKouHu,; and before HeKouHu the "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun"[v].Changchun type:"Ying" and "Yi"(疑) are read as n before KaiKouHu; and before JiChiHu, HeKouHu, CuoKouHu the "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以)[O].ZunHua type:"Ying" and "Yi" are read as n in KaiKouHu "Ying" and "Yi"(疑) are read as [n]; and in JiChiHu, CuoKouHu the "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以)[O]; and before HeKouHu the "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun"[v].Xi’an type:"Ying" and "Yi" read as [η] before KaiKouHu; and before HeKouHu, JiChiHu, CuoKouHu the "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以)mostly [0]. In addition, in some dialects most "san deng" words of "Yi"(疑) read [(?)] or [n].Jinan type:"Ying"and"Yi" are read as η before KaiKouHu; and before JiChiHu, CuoKouHu "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以)[O]; but before the HeKouHu"Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun"[v].Gushi type:"Ying"and"Yi"(疑) are read as [y] before KaiKouHu; and before JiChiHu, HeKouHu, CuoKouHu the "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以)[O].Taiyuan type:characteristic is that before KaiKouHu "Ying"and"Yi"(疑) are read as [γ]; and before JiChiHu, CuoKouHu the "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以) read as [O]; but before the HeKouHu the"Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun"[v].2. In the southern dialect, the evolution characteristics of the "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以) are more complex, either in the split type or their pronunciations have showed diversity. According to the pronunciation the southern dialect can be divided into the following three types:(1)Xiang-Gan-Hui type:characteristic is that the words of "yi er deng" of "Ying" and "Yi"(疑) merged, their initials are read as [η]. The words of "san si deng" of "Yi" have initial differentiation:in the words of KaiKou "san si deng" their initials are mostly read [n],[n],[η]; but in the words of HeKou "san si deng" their initials are read [O]. The HeKou words of "Ying" and "Yi"(疑), the "san si deng" words of "Ying", the words of "Yun" and the words of "Yi"(以), their initials are read as [O]. But there are two situations in some dialects:One is that the initials of the "san si deng" words of Yi"(疑) are read [n],[n],[η]; and the other is that the initials of HeKou "yi er deng" words of "Ying" and "Yi"(疑), and partial HeKou words of "Yun" are read as [v]. According to the internal differences of the type it can be divided into six categories.(2) Wu-Min-Kejia type:characteristics is that the words of "Yi"(疑) are independent, their initials are read as [η],[g],[n],[η]; The words of "Ying","Yun","Yi"(以)merged, most of their initials are read as [O]; In a few dialects, the words of "Yun" and "Yi"(以)are read as [fi]. According to the pronunciation differences, it can be classified into eleven classes as following:(3)Cantonese style:the internal divisions of this type is more complex. The words of "Yi"(疑) is either independent or merge with the words of "Ying","Yun","Yi"(以)in the confluence of different levels. According to the diversity of the relationship among "Ying","Yi"(疑),"Yun","Yi"(以), the type is divided into eight categories.