A Study On The Historical Evolution Of The Zhizhuangzhang Group Of Mandarin Dialects

This paper based on the new theoretical framework of disperse phonological points linked in many phonological lines in the history of Chinese phonology.This paper analyzes the zhizhuangzhang(知庄章)three groups initials of historical literature from Early-Middle Chinese to Early-Modern Chinese.And talks about the pronunciation situation of the three groups initial consonants of zhizhuangzhang(知庄章)during Medieval Times in the modern Mandarin,carries on the detailed inspection to its pronunciation type and the distribution.The paper mainly including the following contents:Frist,modern pronunciations of initials groups zhizhuangzhang(知庄章)can be classified into five pronunciation types according to ancient Chinese rhyme classification in the modern Mandarin.The historical evolution of five pronunciation types are that:1)the integrative type of Beijing Mandarin evolved from the pattern of zhi/zhuang/zhang(知庄章)initial consonant opposites in Zhongyuanyinyun(《中原音韵》).And the integrative type of Southwest Mandarin evolved from the pattern of the differentiation of zhuang(庄)group initials under the pattern of zhuan(转).2)zhi/zhuang/zhang initial consonant opposites is mainly distributed in Jiaoliao Mandarin and Jilu Mandarin.The separating or uniting of zhizhuangzhang(知庄章)group initials and the tonal distribution of the ancestral ru tone syllables that had voiceless initials in Jiaoliao Mandarin consistent with Zhongyuanyinyun.(《中原音韵》)Accordingly zhi/zhuang/zhang initial consonant opposites still corresponded with Zhongyuanyinyun.(《中原音韵》)3)The opposition between kaikouhu zhi(知)the second grade(二等),zhuang(庄)and zhi(知)the third grade(三等),zhang(章)is mainly distributed in Zhongyuan Mandarin and Lanyin Mandarin.according to the historical literature and the historical relationship between the Zhongyuan Mandarin and northern Mandarin,it is found that zhi/zhuang/zhang(知庄章)initial consonant opposites originated from the early Zhongyuan Mandarin.The opposition between kaikouhu(开合口)zhi(知)the second grade(二等)、zhuang(庄)and zhi(知)the third grade(三等)、zhang(章)evolved from the zhi/zhuang/zhang(知庄章)initials consonant opposites.4)The type of the differentiation of zhi/zhuang/zhang(知庄章)group initials under the pattern of opening and closing originated from the northwestern dialect of Song Dynasty.5)The type of the differentiation of zhuang（庄)group initials under the pattern of zhuan(转)mainly distributed in Jianghuai Mandarin and Southwestern Mandarin.The development of zhizhuangzhang(知庄章)group initials already diverged in Jianghuai Mandarin and northern Mandarin in Medieval Chinese.Under the pattern of neiwaizhuan(内外转),the zhuang(庄)group has already been divided into ts group and ts group since the beginning of Old Mandarin.Those which contain the medial i underwent neizhuan(内转)and are categorized into the ts group while those without medial i underwent waizhuan(外转)and belong to the ts group.this type dosen’t evolved from zhi/zhuang/zhang initial consonant opposites.Through the study on the orgin of zhi zhuang zhang(知庄章)pronunciation types,Argues that the same pronunciation types can be distributed in different Mandarin dialects,its historical evolution in different Mandarin dialects needs to be examined in combination with the historical origin of the dialect,immigration and other evidences.Can not simply assume that the same pronunciation type must have the same historical evolution.Second,this paper prove that from the medieval period to the modern time zhizhuangzhang(知庄章)group initials have different historical evolution.in Mandarin dialects.In the late medieval period,centered on three regions the zhi zhuang zhang(知庄章)group initials have three types of historical evolution.With Northwest dialect as the centerzhi zhuang zhang group initials merged into one group initials in the Song Dynasty.In the Zhongyuan Mandarin zhi zhuang zhang(知庄章)group initials evolved into the differentiation of zhi second grade(知二)、zhuang(庄)and zhi three grade(知三)、zhang(章)since the beginning of Old Mandain.In Jianghuai Mandarin,under the pattern of neiwaizhuan(内外转),the zhuang(庄)group has already been divided into ts group and ts group since the beginning of Old Mandarin.zhi zhuang zhang(知庄章)group initials did not merge into one group initials,and also did not evolved into the differentiation of zhi second grade(知二),zhuang(庄)and zhi three grade(知三)zhang(章)in Jianghuai Mandarin.Thrid,and finally,this paper talks about tow problems.the frist one,there were tow opposition pronunciation types of zhizhuangzhang(知庄章)initials in zhi(止)rhyme group the third grade opening.the tow opposition pronunciation types come from tow paths of development of zhizhuangzhang(知庄章)group initials in Early-Modern Chinese.The second one,this paper proposes that the syllables of zhuang group’s three grade(庄组三等字)just be used as themselves fanqiexiazi(反切下字),witch is a characteristic of zhuang group(庄组)initials’s fanqie(反切).View it from fanqie principles(反切原则),the orgin of zhuang group(庄组)initials,the relationship of the zhuang group’three grade and the chongniu B(重纽 B类)and thedistinction of chongniu A(重纽 A 类)and chongniu B(重纽 B 类),the syllables of zhuang group’s three grade(庄组三等)should contain r medial.