A Study On The Cultural Diversity And Protection Of Aboriginal Minorities In Arctic

There are lots of ethnic groups inhabit in the vast expenses of Russia. Among which the Arctic indigenous minorities occupy a special position. Whether the Soviet Union or now, the federal government has been providing support for their economic and social development of national culture. Not only because of the Arctic climate is abominable but also the traditional way of life is lag behind, which need countries to adopt special policies. Moreover the unique characteristics and cultural diversity of Arctic indigenous minorities is a new opportunity to the development of Russia.This essay focus on the collection of historical documents and the latest research data, as well as translating, sorting and contrast analyzing the document and absorbing the research achievement of domestic and foreign scholars. Combing with the theory of cultural functional school, this essay studies on the cultural diversity of Arctic indigenous minorities and the protection of it. In the study, starting from the diversity of ethnic, mainly elaborates the performances and status of ethnic diversity. This essay also covers ethnic origin, distribution, national language, religious belief, economy, education and folk creation and so on. This essay introduces the national culture diversity of the Arctic indigenous minorities as comprehensive as possible and Study the Arctic ecological environment, rights of indigenous minorities and the protection of them. Taking the protection of Nenets’culture diversity as example, we absorbe the protection of national culture experience in order to provide reference for Chinese minority ethnic protection.We can come to conclusions through the research:"national cultural diversity" is created and developed on the basis of different natural and social environment which are the same in the world. As it says there are no two leaves which are the same in the world, also there are no two identical ethnics. But there is no good or bad culture, each national culture is an integral part of world culture. But in the main ethnic cultural assimilation, many non-main ethnic groups gradually lose their characteristics and facing extinction. We should always uphold the idea of supporting the development of cultural diversity and protect, respect and inherit national culture. We also should improve the legal system which let laws to protect national culture.In the erosion of "Russian Chauvinism ", every ethnic is more or less affected. Meanwhile the diversity of national culture development is challenged. Arctic indigenous minorities does not occupy a dominant position no matter in area of economy or culture and long-term suffer discrimination. Moreover, the assimilation of small ethnic groups aggravated, the protection of culture diversity of Arctic indigenous small groups is particularly urgent. As the Arctic is becoming more and more important in the global strategic situation, China is increasingly involved in the Arctic affairs. Nowadays the surround-Arctic countries not only pay attention to the abundant natural resources in Arctic area but also to the protection of Arctic ecologic environment, as well as to the development of economy and culture of indigenous ethnics. As the greatest country in the Arctic, the most population of Russia located at the Arctic area, which almost accounted for about 68% of the total population. Not only because of the diversity of ethnic formation and cultural performance, but also the area of small indigenous national status is similar to some of China’s minority ethnics, so the study of the protection of Arctic indigenous minorities culture diversity has important significance.Functionalism has such a view:any kind of cultural phenomena, whether abstract social phenomena, such as social system, ideology, customs and so on, or the specific physical phenomena, such as cane, tools, utensils can meet the actual needs of human. That is to say, they have function. Each of them is not only connected and affected but also is an inseparable part of the whole. So whether the culture of majority ethnics or minority ethnics is an important part of the national culture and the world culture. The protection of national culture diversity is the key to awareness of culture protection. At the same time we also can’t ignore the protection of the ecological environment and its national rights. Only in this way can we maintain the unique native culture, traditional life-style and living surroundings.