Three Tests On The Instrument Of "Pipa"

Lute is one of the ancient plucked musical instruments in China, it has been handed down till now from Qin and Han. It went through rise and fall times in the long art fusion process. The improvement of the musical instrument and the plentiful of the art’s impressive lead to the long development. It has been the unique former monk with the beautiful steps and has been the shinning pearl of the Chinese traditional musical instruments. The literatures about lute and studies are plentiful.The source of the lute’s name, the development of the lute’s shape and the hold formula of the lute has been argued and researched by the learners. This article will set three parts: The source of the lute’s name; the development and history feature of the lute’s shape and the hold formula of the lute.The first part is to research the name of the lute and study the true source of the lute’s name. There are so many views about the source of the lute’s name, for example:The techniques; Said transliteration; Onomatopoeic and so on. We think the view that the lute’s name comes from the playing tactics including pick bomb can not meets the history. After looking over lots of literatures and materials, we think the onomatopoeic is the true source of the lute’s name. However, the onomatopoeic includes the Said transliteration, they have the same root with sticks and they don’t violate with each other. This article will offer lots of talking points to prove the name of the lute comes from the onomatopoeic.The second part is to sort out the development of lute’s shapes f the ancient time in China. We will also research the lutes when it is collectively called and when is used as a proper noun. when it is collectively called, we study the shapes of the Drum used by peddlers drum, Chord drum used by peddlers, Qin lute and Suddenly Ray,Ruanxian, Yueqin, Banjo one by one. When it is used as a proper noun, we study the reason of the development of the shape of the Crooked Four-string lute, Crooked Multi-column lute and modern lute.The third part is to research the Hold formula of playing the lute in history,including Hold position and Playing gesture. We offer two focus points about judging the features of Hold position. The basic Hold positions are Upside down, Oblique support, Cross-holding, upright. Different history stage and different shapes of the musical instruments both influence the Hold formula of the lute directly. We study the Crooked lute and un-Crooked lute as the focus points to research and analyze the Playing gesture in different times and different shapes.