Characterization Study On Essentialand Nonessential Genes Data

Essential genes are essential to maintain the life events. Study on essential genesis helpful for exploring the origin and the evolution of life, and is important for thedesign of drug targets, treatment of diseases and minimum genome of the syntheticbiology,etc. Scientific studies have shown that the difference of the evolutionary rate isrelated with the importance of different genes for different life forms. Then numerousstudies showed that the evolutionary importance and the evolutionary rate of geneticpresents a weak correlation, but there is still some controversy.With the accumulation ofhigh-throughput data in recent years, there has been the analysis of the essential geneson gene sequences of length, nucleotides, amino acids distribution, biological functions,protein-protein interaction network and domains information and other aspects, and itpromotes the prediction of essential genes. However, due to the fewer number ofspeciesthey analyzed, there are differences between the results according to the differentspecies analysis of different investigators. For a more comprehensive understanding ofthe essential genes, some features of essential and nonessential genes of several speciesis studied in the paper, so it can provide the basis for the distinction between essentialand nonessential genes, carry on the work is as follows:①Based on the essential genes of20prokaryotic genomes determined byexperiments, it is found that there are differences in the subcellular localizationdistribution between the essential and nonessential genes through the analysis of theirprotein subcellular localization. The content of essential genes corresponding proteinlocalized in the cytoplasm (40%~70%,60%~80%) is higher than that of the nonessentialgenes; while the content of essential genes located on the cell membrane (about15%) islower than that of the nonessential genes.②The relationship between gene importance and gene expression levels isanalyzed in this paper. The codon adaptation index (CAI) is seen as the effectiveevaluation of gene expression levels. There is significant statistical difference betweenessential and nonessential genes about CAI value. The average CAI value of theessential genes from20species is greater than that of nonessential genes. Meanwhile,the CAI value of essential and nonessential genes is fitted normally distribution, and itis found that the CAI value of essential genes has more concentrated distribution andgreater position for the central tendency. The content of the essential genes is obviouslyhigher in expression levels in the final analysis. It shows that CAI can be used as a factor to evaluate the essential genes.③Error correction coding theory of modern communication systems is used inthis paper to build a (6,3) block code model for the sequence analysis of essential andnonessential genes. The results show that the fluctuation of the average code distance ofinitiation codon-13site is coincided with SD region in prokaryotes away from theinitiator codon of the range of5to13bases.This is similar to the preamble in a digitalcommunication system. The average code distance of the fluctuation range of essentialgenes is larger than that of the nonessential genes.In this paper, we studied the characteristic difference between the essential andnonessential genes, and provided new ideas for the identification of essential genes andconstructing the minimum genome.