| It is very essential that study on Wintering ecology of black stork wintering population of effective protection and population recovery. The number of Black Stork wintering population exceeded 32 in 2007, at 24 and 19 in 2008 and 2009 respectively at Shanxi Lingqiu Tanghe gorge where became the important place to the north in the Wintering Black Stork. This research comprehensively collected the black stork in Lingqiu Tanghe wintering population, habitat characteristics, feeding habits, behaviors, behavior pattern, artificial feeding impact and threat factors and other basic data. For the future of black stork wintering ecology of more in-depth study to provide the basic data for the black stork in China Northern Lingqiu wintering in research work, on the black stork population to provide scientific data and suggestions for protection. This research comprehensively collected the basic data about the black stork wintering population, habitat characteristics, feeding habits, behaviors, behavior pattern, artificial feeding impact and threat factors and other factors in Lingqiu Tanghe. Meanwhile, it also provides the basic data for the black stork wintering ecology of more in-depth study and makes up for the lack of the research work of the black stork in Lingqiu wintering in China Northern, which provides scientific data and suggestions for protection for effective black stork population.The results of the study show that Wintering Black Stork population number is on the decline, black stork population poly roosting in the canyon cliffs depression. They leave at sunrise and regression at sunset. Pearson correlation analysis showed that, black stork fly in the morning and sunrise time, back in the evening and sunset time respectively showed extremely significant positive correlation. Black stork diurnal habitat is mainly Tanghe water, riparian and shore farmland. The wintering population activities occupied small areas (80Ha), and the distance about roosting sites from the core activity areas about 2.8km and foraging river segment length of about 3km.Through the foraging of black stork of direct observation and foraging habitat biodiversity quadrat survey found that lack of Lingqiu fish resources, there are Diptera Brachycera Tabanidae larvae (3.5cm average) in river sand as the main food for the black stork; the black stork sub-adult feeding time was significantly higher than that in the adult, and the feeding success rate was low.By research the time allocation and behavior rhythm of Black Stork with random and instantaneous scanning sampling methods during January to March in2015 show:the time allocation of Black Stork in winter is divided into 6 parts,42.6% in rest,33.9% in foraging, 12.1% in movement,6.8% in preening,4% in warning admonish,0.6% in others. Among the research, there are tow clear rhythm of foraging and rest:there are tow peaks in the afternoon and the morning for foraging time, and the rest time shows a peak in the noon. While the time of preening,movement and warning admonish have non-rhythm. Correlation analysis showed that it is greatly negative correlation between the occurrence of rest and foraging (R=-0.927, df= 11, P< 0.01), it is greatly negative correlation between the occurrence of rest and movement (R=-0.291, df= 11, P< 0.05), and there is a greatly negative correlation of occurrence between preening and foraging (R=-0.609, df= 11, P< 0.05). There was no significant correlation between other behaviors (P> 0.05)Artificial feeding of fish as a food supplement for Black Stork in different waters in winter during the time from December in 2012 to February in 2013, from December in 2013 to February in 2014, and December in 2014 to February in 2015; through the infrared camera and artificial observation found that the number of Black Stork keep in 15-17, and no death individual was found, which showed that artificial feeding can reduce the mortality of the winter population and stabilize the population quantity. Artificial feeding has significant influence on the behavior of Black Stork:Black Stork will leave early and delayed return after artificial feeding; foraging behavior is shot in (21:00-05:00) by infrared camera at night;and it has a significant difference observed from those without artificial feeding:the rest time in daytime significantly increased, whereas the time of foraging decreased sharply,and the time of foraging peaked during 6:50-8:30,14:30-16:30. The best artificial feeding model of the winter needs to be established.At present, the main threat factors in winter for Black Stork are shortage of food resources, lack of habitat capacity, human disturbance, river pollution, infrastructure, noise, pesticides, etc.And according to the actual situation, reasonable protection measures and management suggestions need to be proposed. |
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